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Overlapping consensus in pluralist societies: simulating Rawlsian full reflective equilibrium.

Richard Lohse1

  • 1Department of Philosophy, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.

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Summary

This study models John Rawls's theory of justice as fairness, exploring how overlapping moral doctrines achieve societal stability amid reasonable pluralism. Simulation results support Rawls's assumptions, providing a benchmark for achieving full reflective equilibrium.

Keywords:
Bounded rationalityComputational philosophyJohn RawlsJustice as fairnessOverlapping consensusReflective equilibrium

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Area of Science:

  • Political Philosophy
  • Social Stability
  • Moral Doctrines

Background:

  • Liberal democracies face instability due to reasonable pluralism.
  • John Rawls proposed a political conception of justice, justice as fairness, to ensure stability.
  • Wide reflective equilibrium is the optimal justification for citizens to accept this conception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the conditions for achieving Rawlsian full reflective equilibrium.
  • To utilize a formal model of reflective equilibrium for this investigation.
  • To explore the inferential connections between comprehensive doctrines and political conception.

Main Methods:

  • Adopting a bounded rationality perspective within the formal model.
  • Reframing Rawls's open question in terms of the model's parameters.
  • Designing and conducting a simplified simulation study.

Main Results:

  • Simulation results align with Rawls's assumptions regarding inferential connections.
  • The findings provide a benchmark for achieving full reflective equilibrium.
  • The study highlights the need for further, more elaborate research designs.

Conclusions:

  • The formal model and simulation offer a new strategy for analyzing Rawls's theory.
  • Bounded rationality is a relevant perspective for this model.
  • While idealized, the results offer valuable insights into the feasibility of Rawlsian justice.