The enrofloxacin pollution control from fish to environment

Area of Science:

• Environmental chemistry
• Aquatic toxicology
• Veterinary pharmacology

Background:

• Enrofloxacin (ENR) is extensively used in aquaculture to treat fish diseases.
• Increasing ENR pollution raises concerns for human health and aquatic ecosystem integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the pollution mechanisms of enrofloxacin in aquatic environments.
• To identify effective control strategies for enrofloxacin contamination.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of enrofloxacin pollution sources and pathways.
• Analysis of factors influencing enrofloxacin bioaccumulation in fish.
• Evaluation of enrofloxacin degradation kinetics (t1/2) under various conditions.

Main Results:

• Excessive drug administration and sediment photolysis are primary ENR pollution sources.
• Benthic, lipid-rich fish accumulate ENR, with bioaccumulation linked to habitat levels and fish lipid content.
• Enrofloxacin's half-life (t1/2) is influenced by fish age, weight, diet, and environmental factors like temperature and salinity.

Conclusions:

• Enrofloxacin pollution control necessitates optimized dosage (minimum inhibitory concentration) and integration with herbal medicines.
• Developing techniques for enriching and removing sediment-bound ENR is crucial for mitigating aquatic pollution.