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Physical Properties of Amines01:26

Physical Properties of Amines

Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.

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Ammonia Toxicity and Associated Protein Oxidation: A Single-Cell Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Study.

Davide Redolfi-Bristol1,2,3, Alessandro Mangiameli1,3, Kenta Yamamoto2

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Chemical Research in Toxicology
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This study reveals how ammonia (NH3) damages skin cells by altering protein structures and causing oxidative stress. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) offers a powerful tool for understanding cellular responses to toxic chemical exposure.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Ammonia (NH3) is an industrial chemical with known toxicity, causing skin damage and hyperammonemia.
  • High ammonia levels can promote cancer metabolism, necessitating a deeper understanding of its cellular effects.
  • Investigating ammonia's impact at the cellular level is crucial for developing protective strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of ammonia toxicity in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells.
  • To utilize surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for sensitive detection of cellular changes induced by ammonia.
  • To explore the role of protein denaturation and oxidative stress in ammonia-induced cellular damage.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of 50 nm gold nanoparticles as SERS probes for intracellular signal enhancement.
  • Exposure of HDF cells to ammonia and subsequent analysis using SERS.
  • Confocal fluorescence microscopy to detect reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.

Main Results:

  • SERS analysis revealed significant changes in protein ternary structures, indicating denaturation and oxidation.
  • Specific alterations were observed in Raman signals of sulfur-containing amino acids (cysteine, methionine) and aromatic residues.
  • Fluorescence microscopy confirmed the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, correlating with cellular stress and protein degradation.

Conclusions:

  • Ammonia exposure induces significant protein structural changes and oxidative stress in HDF cells.
  • SERS provides a sensitive, single-cell level approach to monitor cellular responses to toxic compounds like ammonia.
  • These findings offer new insights into ammonia toxicity mechanisms and the potential of SERS in toxicology research.