Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

299
Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
299
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

129
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
129
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

487
Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
487
Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

2.8K
Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
2.8K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

434
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
434
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

451
Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
451

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The association between mode of delivery and severe intraventricular hemorrhage in very preterm infants.

The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians·2026
Same author

Differences in Management of Neonates with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) by Level of Neonatal Care Provided at Birth: Insights from a Referral-Based Cohort in the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Early postnatal respiratory dynamics in term and late preterm infants with respiratory distress.

Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition·2026
Same author

Pain Assessment During Less Invasive Surfactant Administration Using Skin Conductance: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Pediatric research·2025
Same author

Quality improvement project to reduce intraventricular haemorrhage in very preterm infants failed due to increased life-sustaining intensive care at low gestational age.

BMJ open quality·2025
Same author

Noninvasive Imaging of the Neonatal Lung Using Electrical Impedance Tomography: A Narrative Review.

Annals of the American Thoracic Society·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2025

Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device
09:36

Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device

Published on: September 24, 2020

2.8K

Analgosedation for less-invasive surfactant administration: Variations in practice.

Tobias Muehlbacher1, Vinzenz Boos1, Leonie-Beatrice Geiger1

  • 1Newborn Research, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|December 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Less-invasive surfactant administration (LISA) is common in neonatal intensive care units. However, practices for pain relief and sedation during LISA vary significantly among clinicians, indicating a need for standardized guidelines.

Keywords:
LISAanalgosedationpreterm infantsurfactant

More Related Videos

In Vitro Method to Control Concentrations of Halogenated Gases in Cultured Alveolar Epithelial Cells
04:56

In Vitro Method to Control Concentrations of Halogenated Gases in Cultured Alveolar Epithelial Cells

Published on: October 23, 2018

6.6K
Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention
08:49

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention

Published on: October 16, 2013

13.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2025

Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device
09:36

Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device

Published on: September 24, 2020

2.8K
In Vitro Method to Control Concentrations of Halogenated Gases in Cultured Alveolar Epithelial Cells
04:56

In Vitro Method to Control Concentrations of Halogenated Gases in Cultured Alveolar Epithelial Cells

Published on: October 23, 2018

6.6K
Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention
08:49

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention

Published on: October 16, 2013

13.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Pediatric Intensive Care
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Less-invasive surfactant administration (LISA) is a standard procedure for respiratory support in preterm infants.
  • The use of analgesia and sedation during LISA is not standardized and remains a topic of debate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey current analgosedation practices for LISA in tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland.
  • To identify variations in medication use and protocol implementation for LISA.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional survey was distributed to tertiary NICUs in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland.
  • The survey assessed the performance of LISA and the use of analgosedation, including specific agents and protocols.

Main Results:

  • Of 172 NICUs, 88 responded, with 83 performing LISA.
  • Analgosedation for LISA is employed in 72.3% of NICUs, with significant variation in agents used (ketamine, propofol, fentanyl, morphine, midazolam).
  • Fewer than half of NICUs with analgosedation have established protocols, with many relying on physician discretion.

Conclusions:

  • LISA is widely adopted in German-speaking tertiary NICUs.
  • There is substantial heterogeneity in analgosedation practices for LISA, highlighting a need for evidence-based guidelines.
  • Further research is necessary to optimize the safe and effective administration of surfactant via LISA.