Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

The Bone Matrix

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...

Bone Disorders

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

Hormones and Bone Tissue

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Valnoctamide as a valproate substitute with low teratogenic potential in mania: a double-blind, controlled, add-on clinical trial.

Bipolar disorders·2010

Same author

Differential effects of bone graft substitutes on regeneration of bone marrow.

Clinical oral implants research·2008

Same author

New evidence for the role of TNF-alpha in liver ischaemic/reperfusion injury.

European journal of clinical investigation·2008

Same author

Routine use of bilateral skeletonized internal thoracic artery grafting: long-term results.

Circulation·2008

Same author

Ischaemia or reperfusion: which is a main trigger for changes in nitric oxide mRNA synthases expression?

European journal of clinical investigation·2005

Same author

Technical aspects of harvesting the radial artery with the harmonic scalpel.

The heart surgery forum·2004

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Published on: June 9, 2014

Osteogenesis induced by bone matrix is inhibited by inflammation.

J Sela, J Applebaum, G Uretzky

Biomaterials, Medical Devices, and Artificial Organs

|January 1, 1986

Summary

Inflammation from percutaneous tubes inhibits bone formation by lowering pH. This study shows inflammatory conditions impede cartilage and bone induction, crucial for healing and biomaterial integration.

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Tissue Engineering
Inflammation Research

Background:

Percutaneous tubes can elicit inflammatory reactions.
Understanding the impact of inflammation on bone induction is critical for medical device design and tissue regeneration.
Biomaterial-induced inflammation can affect tissue integration and healing processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of inflammatory reactions on bone induction.
To evaluate the influence of different biomaterials on the inflammatory response and subsequent bone formation.
To determine the mechanisms by which inflammation inhibits osteogenesis.

Main Methods:

Implantation of demineralizing bone matrix in rat subcutaneous tissue.
Exposure of implanted biomaterials to inflammatory conditions.

More Related Videos

Effect of Anti-c-fms Antibody on Osteoclast Formation and Proliferation of Osteoclast Precursor In Vitro

Effect of Anti-c-fms Antibody on Osteoclast Formation and Proliferation of Osteoclast Precursor In Vitro

Published on: March 18, 2019

Improved Methodology for Studying Postnatal Osteogenesis via Intramembranous Ossification in a Murine Bone Marrow Injury Model

Improved Methodology for Studying Postnatal Osteogenesis via Intramembranous Ossification in a Murine Bone Marrow Injury Model

Published on: February 7, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Published on: June 9, 2014

Effect of Anti-c-fms Antibody on Osteoclast Formation and Proliferation of Osteoclast Precursor In Vitro

Effect of Anti-c-fms Antibody on Osteoclast Formation and Proliferation of Osteoclast Precursor In Vitro

Published on: March 18, 2019

Improved Methodology for Studying Postnatal Osteogenesis via Intramembranous Ossification in a Murine Bone Marrow Injury Model

Improved Methodology for Studying Postnatal Osteogenesis via Intramembranous Ossification in a Murine Bone Marrow Injury Model

Published on: February 7, 2025

Evaluation of cartilage and bone matrix induction in response to inflammation.

Main Results:

Inflammatory processes significantly inhibited cartilage and bone induction.
Demineralizing bone matrix showed reduced incorporation under inflammatory conditions.
Low pH levels associated with inflammatory enzymes were identified as a key inhibitory factor.

Conclusions:

Inflammation elicited by percutaneous tubes and biomaterials directly inhibits chondrogenesis and osteogenesis.
The acidic environment created by inflammatory enzymes is a primary cause of inhibited bone formation.
Calcification requires high pH environments, contrasting with the low pH of inflammation, thus hindering bone repair.