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Dissecting the major genetic components underlying cotton lint development.

Yali Sun1,2, Yuman Yuan3, Shoupu He1

  • 1National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China.

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|December 26, 2023
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Researchers identified key genes, HD1_At and HD1_Dt, controlling cotton lint percentage. Pyramiding favorable alleles offers a strategy for breeding higher-yielding cotton varieties with improved lint traits.

Keywords:
allele pyramidingbulk segregant analysisfuzzlesshaplotypelint percentagelintless

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Genetics
  • Cotton Breeding
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Lint percentage is a crucial cotton yield component, yet its major genetic underpinnings remain largely unknown.
  • Previous studies have linked several genes and loci to lint percentage, but a comprehensive understanding is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize the major genetic components controlling cotton lint percentage.
  • To investigate the roles of MYB25-like and HD1 genes in fiber initiation and lint percentage determination.
  • To propose a breeding strategy for enhancing cotton yield through targeted allele pyramiding.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic analysis using segregating populations derived from fuzzless mutants.
  • Gene expression analysis of MYB25-like_At and HD1_At in ovules during fiber initiation.
  • Haplotype analysis of MYB25-like and HD1 genes in a large Upland cotton population.
  • Evaluation of allele contributions to lint percentage and associated traits.

Main Results:

  • MYB25-like_At and HD1_At showed low expression in fiberless mutants during fiber initiation.
  • HD1_At and HD1_Dt were identified as major genetic components controlling fiber initiation and lint percentage.
  • Haplotype analysis revealed significant associations between specific alleles (LP) of MYB25-like and HD1 genes and higher lint percentage.
  • Accumulation of LP alleles at these loci positively correlated with increased lint percentage.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the critical roles of HD1_At and HD1_Dt in determining cotton lint percentage.
  • A strategy involving pyramiding favorable alleles of MYB25-like and HD1 genes is proposed for breeding high-yielding cotton varieties.
  • This approach aims to increase lint percentage without compromising seed size and fiber quality.