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Gastrointestinal (GI) diagnostic studies are pivotal in confirming, ruling out, diagnosing, or staging various diseases, including cancers. Following diagnosis, allocating time for discussions with the patient and providing informational resources is crucial. Diagnostic assessments of the GI tract often occur in outpatient settings like endoscopy suites or GI labs. Preparation for these tests may include dietary restrictions, fasting, liquid bowel preparations, laxatives, enemas, and the...
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Celiac Disease: Promising Biomarkers for Follow-Up.

Matěj Hrunka1, Lubomír Janda2, Michaela Šťastná3

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New noninvasive biomarkers are needed for celiac disease (CD) follow-up, especially for IgA-deficient patients. Current tests lack accuracy in monitoring dietary adherence and mucosal healing in celiac disease patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Celiac disease (CD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder requiring strict gluten-free diet (GFD) adherence.
  • Current diagnostic methods include serology and duodenal biopsy, with GFD as the sole treatment.
  • Existing serological markers have limitations in accurately reflecting mucosal healing and detecting minor dietary transgressions, particularly in IgA-deficient individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on noninvasive biomarkers for celiac disease follow-up.
  • To identify potential biomarkers for monitoring treatment adherence and mucosal healing.
  • To address the need for improved follow-up tools, especially for IgA-deficient patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on celiac disease biomarkers.
  • Analysis of current diagnostic and follow-up limitations.
  • Summarization of promising noninvasive biomarkers for clinical practice.

Main Results:

  • Current serological tests for celiac disease have limitations in monitoring long-term adherence and mucosal status.
  • IgG-based tests are used for IgA-deficient patients but persist long after gluten cessation.
  • Several promising noninvasive biomarkers show potential for improved celiac disease management.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate and specific noninvasive biomarkers are crucial for effective celiac disease management and monitoring.
  • Improved biomarkers are needed to assess mucosal healing and adherence to a gluten-free diet.
  • Future research may lead to the integration of novel biomarkers into routine clinical practice for celiac disease patients.