Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

7.5K
During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
7.5K
The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis01:34

The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis

10.1K
The light reactions of photosynthesis assume a linear flow of electrons from water to NADP+. During this process, light energy drives the splitting of water molecules to produce oxygen. However, oxidation of water molecules is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction and requires a strong oxidizing agent. This is accomplished by the first product of light reactions: oxidized P680 (or P680+), the most powerful oxidizing agent known in biology. The oxidized P680 that acquires an electron from the...
10.1K
Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

Redox Equilibria: Overview

564
A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
564
Phase I Oxidative Reactions: Overview01:19

Phase I Oxidative Reactions: Overview

274
Phase I biotransformation, or functionalization, is a crucial chemical process that converts drugs and other xenobiotics into more water-soluble forms, facilitating expulsion from the body. It involves oxidative, reductive, and hydrolytic reactions that add or unveil polar functional groups on lipophilic substrates. Key players in phase I reactions are the mixed-function oxidases. Situated in liver cell microsomes, these enzymes predominantly carry out drug metabolism. They require molecular...
274
The Electron Transport Chain01:30

The Electron Transport Chain

16.8K
The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q...
16.8K
Chemiosmosis01:32

Chemiosmosis

98.6K
Oxidative phosphorylation is a highly efficient process that generates large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the basic unit of energy that drives many cellular processes. Oxidative phosphorylation involves two processes— the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain involves a series of protein complexes on the inner mitochondrial membrane that undergo a series of redox reactions. At the end of this chain, the electrons...
98.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

In Situ Synchronized SERS-SEIRAS Unveils Cation-Regulated Interfacial Water and Intermediates in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Spatial imaging of water oxidation on single-particle catalysts.

Nature nanotechnology·2026
Same author

Radical-Mediated Dynamic Reconstruction of Ni-N-C Single-Atom Catalysts for Wide-Potential CO<sub>2</sub>-to-CO Electroreduction.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Topological Data Analysis in Materials Science: Principles, Machine Learning Integration, and Application Landscapes.

Chemical reviews·2026
Same author

Subsurface hydrogen as a hidden driver of copper surface reconstruction in CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction.

National science review·2026
Same author

Internal Standard-Embedded Shell-Isolated Satellite Nanostructures for Enhanced SERS Sensing.

Analytical chemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2025

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions
10:21

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions

Published on: October 5, 2019

8.4K

Direct Capturing and Regulating Key Intermediates for High-Efficiency Oxygen Evolution Reactions.

Zheng-Xin Qian1, Chun-Kuo Peng2, Mu-Fei Yue1

  • 1College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.

Small Methods
|December 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified the key intermediate and active site for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on AuIr nanoalloys. This discovery advances understanding of OER mechanisms and aids in designing efficient electrocatalysts for water electrolysis.

Keywords:
intermediate speciesnanoalloyoxygen evolution reactionshell‐isolated nanoparticle‐enhanced Raman spectroscopyx‐ray absorption spectroscopy

More Related Videos

High-Resolution Respirometry to Assess Bioenergetics in Cells and Tissues Using Chamber- and Plate-Based Respirometers
09:53

High-Resolution Respirometry to Assess Bioenergetics in Cells and Tissues Using Chamber- and Plate-Based Respirometers

Published on: October 26, 2021

4.7K
Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases
08:57

Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases

Published on: February 24, 2018

10.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2025

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions
10:21

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions

Published on: October 5, 2019

8.4K
High-Resolution Respirometry to Assess Bioenergetics in Cells and Tissues Using Chamber- and Plate-Based Respirometers
09:53

High-Resolution Respirometry to Assess Bioenergetics in Cells and Tissues Using Chamber- and Plate-Based Respirometers

Published on: October 26, 2021

4.7K
Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases
08:57

Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases

Published on: February 24, 2018

10.1K

Area of Science:

  • Electrocatalysis
  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Efficient electrocatalysts are crucial for commercializing proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis.
  • The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) mechanism and its structure-activity relationship remain poorly understood, hindering catalyst development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the active site and intermediate for OER on AuIr nanoalloys.
  • To correlate these findings with catalytic activity and elucidate the OER mechanism.
  • To develop an in situ descriptor for accelerating catalyst design.

Main Methods:

  • In situ shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS).
  • In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS).
  • Electrochemical performance testing.

Main Results:

  • AuIr nanoalloys exhibit excellent OER performance (246 mV overpotential at 10 mA cm⁻²) and stability in acidic media.
  • Spectroscopic evidence confirms *OO adsorbed on IrOₓ sites as the key OER intermediate.
  • The *OO intermediate is formed via O-O coupling of adsorbed oxygen species directly from water, supporting the adsorbate evolution mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides direct spectroscopic evidence for the OER mechanism on AuIr nanoalloys.
  • The *OO intermediate's Raman signature serves as a universal in situ descriptor for OER catalyst design.
  • Weakening *OO interaction and facilitating its desorption enhances OER performance, offering guidance for future catalyst development.