Roles of mechanosensitive ion channels in immune cells

Mechanosensitive ion channels are a class of membrane-integrated proteins that convert externalmechanical forces, including stretching, pressure, gravity, and osmotic pressure changes, some of which can be caused by pathogen invasion, into electrical and chemical signals transmitted to the cytoplasm. In recent years, with the identification of many of these channels, their roles in the initiation and progression of many diseases have been gradually revealed. Multiple studies have shown that mechanosensitive ion channels regulate the proliferation, activation, and inflammatory responses of immune cells by being expressed on the surface of immune cells and further responding to mechanical forces. Nonetheless, further clarification is required regarding the signaling pathways of immune-cell pattern-recognition receptors and on the impact of microenvironmental changes and mechanical forces on immune cells. This review summarizes the roles of mechanosensitive ion channels in immune cells.