Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)

Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling. This phenomenon, called the nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring spin-active...

Charging Conductors By Induction

Charging Conductors By Induction

The Earth is a good conductor of electricity, and it is so big that it can be considered an infinite source or sink of charges. It can easily exchange charges with any matter.
Generally, conductors like metals do not allow any excess charge to be present on them. Any excess charge added to metals easily flows away, for example, when a metal is placed on the Earth. This process is called earthing.
However, conductors can be charged by a process called induction. For example, consider charging a...

Energy Stored In A Coaxial Cable

Energy Stored In A Coaxial Cable

A coaxial cable consists of a central copper conductor used for transmitting signals, followed by an insulator shield, a metallic braided mesh that prevents signal interference, and a plastic layer that encases the entire assembly.
In the simplest form, a coaxial cable can be represented by two long hollow concentric cylinders in which the current flows in opposite directions. The magnetic field inside and outside the coaxial cable is determined by using Ampère's law. The magnetic field inside...

Maximum Power Transfer

Maximum Power Transfer

Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
By substituting the entire circuit with...

The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

Consider a linear AC Thevenin equivalent circuit connected to a load impedance.
The load connected draws the current, and the circuit delivers the power to the load. The alternating current flowing through the load is determined using the rectangular form of voltages, currents, network impedance, and load impedance. The average power delivered to the load is obtained from the product of the square of current and load resistance.

The Electrical Double Layer

The Electrical Double Layer

In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Self-adaptive Under actuated Biomimetic Soft Robotic Hand Exoskeleton to Improve dexterity and Grasping Capabilities.

Bioinspiration & biomimetics·2026

Same author

From autonomy to alliance: Robotic foundation models must learn with us, not just for us.

Science robotics·2026

Same author

A Novel System for Physiological Signal Monitoring and Health-Informed Electrotactile Feedback for First Responders.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

The International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society: Highlights From the IFESS Conference at RehabWeek 2025.

Artificial organs·2025

Same author

Design and Demonstration of a Hybrid FES-BCI-Based Robotic Neurorehabilitation System for Lower Limbs.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

Intuitive omnidirectional vibrotactile feedback from a sensorized insole for lower-limb prostheses users: a preliminary assessment.

Journal of neural engineering·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

High Density Event-related Potential Data Acquisition in Cognitive Neuroscience

High Density Event-related Potential Data Acquisition in Cognitive Neuroscience

Published on: April 16, 2010

Improving electrotactile communication with a multi-pad electrode under cognitive load.

Fabricio A Jure¹, Erika G Spaich¹, Laura Petrini²

¹Neurorehabilitation Systems, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.

Artificial Organs

|December 27, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Repeating electrotactile messages significantly improves identification accuracy during multitasking. Three repetitions are sufficient, as further repetition offers no additional benefit for haptic communication systems.

Keywords:

encoding schemes haptics matrix electrodes sensory biofeedback task‐switching

More Related Videos

Concurrent Electroencephalography Recording During Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation tACS

Concurrent Electroencephalography Recording During Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation tACS

Published on: January 22, 2016

Assessment and Communication for People with Disorders of Consciousness

Assessment and Communication for People with Disorders of Consciousness

Published on: August 1, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

High Density Event-related Potential Data Acquisition in Cognitive Neuroscience

High Density Event-related Potential Data Acquisition in Cognitive Neuroscience

Published on: April 16, 2010

Concurrent Electroencephalography Recording During Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation tACS

Concurrent Electroencephalography Recording During Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation tACS

Published on: January 22, 2016

Assessment and Communication for People with Disorders of Consciousness

Assessment and Communication for People with Disorders of Consciousness

Published on: August 1, 2017

Area of Science:

Human-computer interaction
Haptic technology
Sensory substitution

Background:

Electrotactile systems provide haptic feedback through the skin.
Effective use requires reliable message recognition during concurrent tasks.
Cognitive load can impair haptic perception.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess if repeating electrotactile messages enhances identification during multitasking.
To determine the optimal number of repetitions for improved haptic communication.

Main Methods:

Ten participants identified spatiotemporal electrotactile messages on the torso.
Messages were presented once (No-REP), 3 times (REP3), or 5 times (REP5).
A concurrent cognitive task was performed to simulate multitasking.

Main Results:

Message identification success rate dropped to 56.25% without repetition during multitasking.
Success rates improved to 72.92% (REP3) and 81.25% (REP5).
No significant difference in success rate between 3 and 5 repetitions.

Conclusions:

Message repetition is an effective strategy to improve electrotactile perception under cognitive load.
Three repetitions are sufficient to maximize performance gains.
Findings support the practical application of electrotactile displays in demanding environments.