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Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
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When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
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 Electrochemical measurements are conducted in an electrochemical cell composed of various components that control and measure the current and potential. One fundamental component is electrodes, conductive materials that enable electron transfer reactions at their surfaces.
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In humans, electrolytes play a vital role in various physiological processes. Balancing electrolyte levels is essential for normal body functions; their imbalance can be life-threatening. The major electrolytes include sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonate. They are primarily involved in physiological processes, such as nerve signal transmission, membrane trafficking, muscle contraction, buffering body fluids, and balancing water levels in the body.
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Frameworked Electrolytes: A Pathway Towards Solid Future of Batteries.

Jianguo Sun1, Xingyang Wang1, Hao Yuan2

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Republic of Singapore.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|December 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Frameworked electrolytes (FEs) offer a promising solution for all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). Their unique structure enhances ionic conductivity and interfacial properties, overcoming limitations of traditional solid-state electrolytes.

Keywords:
frameworked electrolytesmacroscopically solid with 3D sub‐nano ionic channelssolid‐state batteriessub‐nano confinement effect

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are a promising next-generation energy storage technology due to their safety and high energy density potential.
  • Current limitations in large-scale ASSB applications stem from technical bottlenecks, particularly in solid-state electrolytes (SSEs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine frameworked electrolytes (FEs) as a novel class of SSEs for ASSBs.
  • To highlight the potential of FEs in overcoming the limitations of traditional SSEs.

Main Methods:

  • The perspective analyzes the structural design of FEs, focusing on intentionally designed 3D ionic channels at sub-nano scales.
  • Investigates the ion diffusion behavior within these confined sub-nano channels.

Main Results:

  • Frameworked electrolytes exhibit high ionic conductivity.
  • FEs demonstrate desirable interfaces with electrode solids.
  • The sub-nano channel confinement effect leads to unique ion diffusion characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • Frameworked electrolytes present a compelling opportunity to advance ASSB technology.
  • FEs can overcome critical limitations of traditional SSEs, paving the way for practical ASSB applications.