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Transparent-to-Brown-Black Patterned Electrochromic Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Jifei Feng1, Xinyi Wang1, Yi Luo1

  • 1Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|December 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel metal-organic framework (MOF) material, Ni-BPY, for electrochromic (EC) applications. The Ni-BPY MOF films offer a transparent to brown-black color change, ideal for smart windows and electronic displays.

Keywords:
electrochromismelectrostatic spraymetal node redoxmetal−organic framework filmpatterned display

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess unique properties making them suitable for electrochromic (EC) applications.
  • Existing MOF research has not sufficiently explored materials with a neutral color-changing EC performance for smart windows.
  • Transparent to brown-black color change is desirable for practical smart window applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a novel MOF material (Ni-BPY) with enhanced EC properties.
  • To fabricate Ni-BPY EC films using an efficient and cost-effective electrostatic spray deposition technique.
  • To evaluate the EC performance, stability, and potential applications of the Ni-BPY MOF films.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of Ni-BPY MOF material.
  • Fabrication of Ni-BPY films via electrostatic spray deposition.
  • Characterization of EC performance, including optical modulation, response time, and cycling stability.
  • In situ potential-dependent Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for mechanistic studies.
  • Construction of patterned films and devices for application demonstration.

Main Results:

  • The Ni-BPY MOF film demonstrated a neutral color change from transparent to brown-black.
  • Achieved a large optical modulation of 70% at 430 nm with a fast response time under 10 seconds.
  • Exhibited excellent cycling stability, withstanding over 500 cycles.
  • Showcased stepwise-controlled processes in the bleached state due to porous characteristics.
  • Color variation was attributed to the redox reaction of Ni metal nodes (Ni²⁺/Ni³⁺), confirmed by spectroscopic analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Ni-BPY MOF material and its fabricated films show significant promise for EC applications, particularly for smart windows.
  • The electrostatic spray deposition technique offers a scalable and low-cost method for producing these advanced EC materials.
  • The unique transparent-to-brown-black color change and stability make Ni-BPY MOF films suitable for emerging electronic tags and logo displays.