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Updated: Jul 7, 2025
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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
Published on: January 7, 2019
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Personalizing Oncolytic Immunovirotherapy Approaches
Georgios M Stergiopoulos1, Ianko Iankov2, Evanthia Galanis3,4
1Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy
|December 27, 2023
Summary
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) show promise in cancer treatment by selectively targeting tumors. Combining OVs with immunotherapies and predicting patient response using biomarkers may lead to personalized cancer immunovirotherapy.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Virology
- Immunology
Background:
- Cancer therapy development necessitates understanding tumor cell differences.
- Spontaneous tumor regression after microbial infection suggests therapeutic potential.
- Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are viruses with attenuated virulence or engineered vectors for cancer treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the potential of oncolytic viruses (OVs) as cancer therapeutics.
- To investigate factors influencing OV selectivity and efficacy.
- To identify strategies for improving OV-based cancer immunotherapies.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing viruses with attenuated virulence or engineered replication-deficient viral vectors.
- Leveraging differences in receptor expression and restriction factors for tumor selectivity.
- Analyzing tumor-specific gene signatures, including interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs).
Main Results:
- OVs demonstrate selectivity for tumor cells, sparing normal cells.
- Clinical trials show varied patient responses, with some benefiting significantly from virotherapy.
- Tumor ISG expression profiles correlate with permissiveness to OV infection.
Conclusions:
- Combining OVs with immunotherapeutics like vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can enhance outcomes.
- Developing predictive algorithms using biomarkers (TMB, inflammation, TME, etc.) is crucial for individualized immunovirotherapy.
- Gut microbiota may also play a role in optimizing personalized OV-based treatments.
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