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Updated: Jul 7, 2025

Four-Dimensional Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Robots
Published on: January 13, 2023
Erick R Espíndola-Pérez1, Javier Campo1, Carlos Sánchez-Somolinos1,2
1Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
Researchers developed a novel magnetically active liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) composite using 4D printing. This material offers fast, programmable shape changes in response to heat and magnetic fields, overcoming limitations of traditional LCE actuators.
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