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Energy efficient gateway based routing with maximized node coverage in a UAV assisted wireless sensor network.

Bilal Ahmad1, Masroor Ahmed2, Nadeem Anjum1

  • 1Capital University of Science & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Plos One
|December 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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This study introduces a UAV-assisted routing protocol for disaster-stricken wireless sensor networks. The energy-efficient hierarchical gateway routing protocol (EHGR) optimizes node deployment and extends network lifetime.

Area of Science:

  • Wireless Sensor Networks
  • Disaster Management
  • Network Routing Protocols

Background:

  • Ad-hoc wireless sensor networks (WSNs) face significant challenges in node deployment and data routing during post-disaster events.
  • Infrastructure damage in disasters disrupts communication, impacting WSN lifetime and effectiveness.
  • Optimizing coverage and energy efficiency is critical for WSNs in disaster scenarios.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a UAV-assisted reactive zone-based Energy-Efficient Hierarchical Gateway Routing Protocol (EHGR) for disaster-affected WSNs.
  • To address challenges of optimized node deployment and energy-efficient routing in damaged WSNs.
  • To enhance network coverage and extend the operational lifetime of WSNs post-disaster.

Main Methods:

  • EHGR employs a game theory approach for maximized node coverage during deployment, utilizing energy centroid nodes instead of fixed cluster heads.

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  • Nodes failing game theory matching use multi-hop device-to-device relaying to reach energy centroid nodes.
  • Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) assist in computation offloading for deployment and routing, and act as data relay points.

    • Main Results:

    • The UAV-assisted EHGR protocol improves overall coverage by 25% compared to traditional Leach-based hierarchical approaches.
    • Network lifetime is extended to approximately 1800 rounds, a 100% increase over Leach and a 50% increase over recent methods.
    • EHGR demonstrates significant improvements in first, half, and last dead node reports, indicating enhanced network longevity.

    Conclusions:

    • EHGR effectively optimizes node deployment and energy-efficient routing in disaster-stricken WSNs.
    • The integration of UAVs significantly enhances WSN performance by offloading computations and facilitating data transmission.
    • The proposed protocol offers a substantial improvement in network lifetime and coverage, crucial for post-disaster communication.