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Related Experiment Videos

Aphasic performance on a lexical decision task: multiple meanings and word frequency.

B R Gerratt, D Jones

    Brain and Language
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study found that individuals with aphasia, both fluent and nonfluent, process words similarly to healthy adults. Word meaning and frequency significantly impact lexical access, unaffected by brain damage.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Psycholinguistics
    • Cognitive Psychology

    Background:

    • Lexical access, the process of retrieving words from the mental lexicon, is influenced by word properties like meaning and frequency in healthy individuals.
    • Previous research indicates that the number of meanings a word possesses significantly impacts its processing in the internal lexicon of unimpaired adults.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate how word properties (number of meanings, frequency) affect lexical access in individuals with fluent and nonfluent aphasia.
    • To compare the lexical processing abilities of aphasic individuals with those of a non-brain-damaged control group.

    Main Methods:

    • A lexical decision task was employed to assess word recognition.
    • Participants included fluent aphasic individuals, nonfluent aphasic individuals, and a control group of non-brain-damaged adults.

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  • Words varied in their number of meanings and frequency of occurrence.

    • Main Results:

    • Fluent aphasic subjects performed similarly to nonfluent aphasic and control subjects.
    • Words with a high number of meanings and high frequency were recognized faster than words with fewer meanings or lower frequency.
    • This suggests that semantic organization is preserved despite brain damage causing aphasia.

    Conclusions:

    • Aphasia, resulting from brain damage, does not disrupt the semantic organization of the lexicon concerning word meaning and frequency.
    • Lexical access is similarly influenced by word properties in aphasic and non-brain-damaged individuals.
    • The findings contribute to understanding the resilience of semantic networks in the brain after injury.