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Behavioral approaches have often been criticized for ignoring mental processes and focusing solely on observable behavior. However, these approaches provide an optimistic perspective for individuals seeking to change their behaviors. Rather than concentrating on intrinsic personality traits, behavioral approaches suggest that even longstanding habits can be modified by changing the reward contingencies that maintain them.
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Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2025

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
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Triple Interactions Between the Environment, Brain, and Behavior in Children: An ABCD Study.

Dongmei Zhi1, Rongtao Jiang2, Godfrey Pearlson3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.

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|December 27, 2023
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Environmental exposures significantly impact children's behavior by influencing brain networks. Family, neighborhood, and sleep issues are key factors affecting cognitive ability and mental health, mediated by brain functional connectivity.

Keywords:
ABCDCognitionEnvironmental exposureFunctional network connectivityIndividualized predictionMediation analysisMental health

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Environmental exposures are critical for children's behavioral development.
  • Mechanisms linking environmental exposures, brain functional connectivity, and behavior are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the comprehensive environment-brain-behavior triple interactions.
  • To examine the predictive power of brain functional network connectivity (FNC) and environmental exposures on children's cognitive and mental health behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized association, prediction, and mediation analyses on data from 7655 children in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.
  • Assessed 41 environmental exposures and 23 behaviors related to cognitive ability and mental health.
  • Cross-validated findings with the UK Biobank study (N = 20,852).

Main Results:

  • Brain functional network connectivity (FNC) predicted cognitive abilities more than mental health, with thalamus and hippocampus being key.
  • FNC combined with environmental factors showed greater predictive power for all behaviors, particularly mental health (r = 0.32-0.63).
  • Family and neighborhood exposures influenced cognitive ability and mental health, mediated by FNC. Sleep problems, family conflicts, and adverse school environments increased mental health risks.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive environment-brain-behavior interactions were revealed, highlighting the predictive role of cognitive control and default mode networks.
  • Critical environmental exposures, especially sleep problems, have a lasting impact on childhood development and mental health.