Obesity intervention evidence synthesis: Where are the gaps and which should we address first?

Health professionals and policymakers rely on evidence synthesized from high quality research studies. Yet, there remain unanswered questions about how to prevent and treat obesity. In this research project, international practice guidelines and Cochrane systematic reviews were examined in order to identify gaps in the synthesized obesity intervention evidence base. One hundred and forty-two partial or complete gaps were found. Systematic review questions to address these gaps were formulated and subjected to a prioritization consultation process with 36 international obesity expert stakeholders. Forty-three review questions were priority-assessed. The top 10 ranked review questions received support from at least 75.0% of stakeholders. The leading questions focused on preventive and community-based approaches, including those delivered through primary-care. Children within the context of their families were a highly-prioritized target group, as were persons with diabetes or disabilities. Experts also prioritized reviews to determine which elements of programs are the most effective, and by which mode they are best delivered. Experts recommended that negative, psycho-social, and longer-term outcomes be captured in reviews. We request reviewers and funders to strongly consider addressing the top 10 leading prioritized review questions presented here.