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Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Bioengineering of Humanized Bone Marrow Microenvironments in Mouse and Their Visualization by Live Imaging

Bioengineering of Humanized Bone Marrow Microenvironments in Mouse and Their Visualization by Live Imaging

Published on: August 1, 2017

Biomaterials regulates BMSCs differentiation via mechanical microenvironment.

Qianmin Gao¹, Jinlong Liu¹, Mingkai Wang¹

¹Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, NO.333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China; Organoid Research Centre, Shanghai University, NO.333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China; National Centre for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, NO.333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.

Biomaterials Advances

|December 28, 2023

Summary

Mechanical forces significantly influence bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) differentiation for bone regeneration. Understanding these mechanical signals and biomaterial interactions is key for tissue engineering advancements.

Keywords:

BMSCs Biomaterials Mechanical microenvironment Mechanical stimuli Osteogenic differentiation

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Published on: February 3, 2018

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Regenerative Medicine
Cell Biology

Background:

Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are vital for bone regeneration.
The mechanical microenvironment critically impacts BMSC osteogenic differentiation.
Biomaterials can replicate native tissue mechanics to guide cell fate.

Purpose of the Study:

To review how mechanical stimuli regulate BMSC osteogenic differentiation.
To explore the role of biomaterials in creating mechanical microenvironments for bone regeneration.
To summarize intracellular and extracellular factors involved in BMSC fate determination.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on mechanical stimulation and BMSC differentiation.
Analysis of biomaterial properties influencing cellular behavior.
Examination of intracellular signaling pathways and extracellular mechanical cues.

Main Results:

Mechanical signals (e.g., stiffness, pressure, piezoelectricity) directly and indirectly influence BMSC differentiation.
Biomaterials can be engineered to provide specific mechanical cues.
Intracellular factors (translation, epigenetics, miRNA) and extracellular signals mediate responses.

Conclusions:

Mechanical microenvironments are crucial for directing BMSC osteogenic differentiation.
Biomaterial design leveraging mechanical principles can enhance bone tissue engineering.
Further understanding of mechanisms informs bone organoid construction and therapeutic strategies.