New-onset movement disorder in the immediate postpartum period

This case report describes a woman who developed involuntary, uncoordinated movements of her face and limbs following a spontaneous vaginal delivery, complicated by postpartum haemorrhage. Using systematic assessment with multidisciplinary team input, a differential diagnosis was proposed and relevant investigations were undertaken. Atypical eclamptic or generalised seizures were excluded clinically and neuroimaging ruled out an intracranial vascular event such as stroke or venous sinus thrombosis. Local anaesthetic systemic toxicity was managed empirically with intravenous lipid emulsion and intravenous fluids. A diagnosis of drug-induced dyskinesia was made, most likely secondary to ondansetron, with which dystonias and myoclonus have been described. This woman's symptoms were transient and resolved within 2 hours.This case presented a complex differential diagnosis, highlighting the paucity of guidance available. We propose a diagnostic algorithm to aid in the identification of acute involuntary movements in pregnancy and the puerperium.