Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Predicting Reaction Outcomes02:24

Predicting Reaction Outcomes

8.4K
Kinetics describes the rate and path by which a reaction occurs. In contrast, thermodynamics deals with state functions and describes the properties, behavior, and components of a system. It is not concerned with the path taken by the process and cannot address the rate at which a reaction occurs. Although it does provide information about what can happen during a reaction process, it does not describe the detailed steps of what appears on an atomic or a molecular level. On the other hand,...
8.4K
Measuring Reaction Rates03:09

Measuring Reaction Rates

25.1K
Polarimetry finds application in chemical kinetics to measure the concentration and reaction kinetics of optically active substances during a chemical reaction. Optically active substances have the capability of rotating the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light passing through them—a feature called optical rotation. Optical activity is attributed to the molecular structure of substances. Normal monochromatic light is unpolarized and possesses oscillations of the electrical...
25.1K
Introduction to Enzyme Kinetics01:19

Introduction to Enzyme Kinetics

20.1K
Enzyme kinetics studies the rates of biochemical reactions. Scientists monitor the reaction rates for a particular enzymatic reaction at various substrate concentrations. Additional trials with inhibitors or other molecules that affect the reaction rate may also be performed.
The experimenter can then plot the initial reaction rate or velocity (Vo) of a given trial against the substrate concentration ([S]) to obtain a graph of the reaction properties. For many enzymatic reactions involving a...
20.1K
Reaction Rate02:53

Reaction Rate

52.3K
The rate of reaction is the change in the amount of a reactant or product per unit time. Reaction rates are therefore determined by measuring the time dependence of some property that can be related to reactant or product amounts. Rates of reactions that consume or produce gaseous substances, for example, are conveniently determined by measuring changes in volume or pressure.
The mathematical representation of the change in the concentration of reactants and products, over time, is the rate...
52.3K
Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations02:05

Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations

48.0K
Being able to calculate equilibrium concentrations is essential to many areas of science and technology—for example, in the formulation and dosing of pharmaceutical products. After a drug is ingested or injected, it is typically involved in several chemical equilibria that affect its ultimate concentration in the body system of interest. Knowledge of the quantitative aspects of these equilibria is required to compute a dosage amount that will solicit the desired therapeutic effect.
A more...
48.0K
Fundamental Mathematical Principles in Pharmacokinetics: Rate and Order of Reaction01:15

Fundamental Mathematical Principles in Pharmacokinetics: Rate and Order of Reaction

394
In pharmacokinetics, the rates and order of reactions play a crucial role in understanding how the body processes drugs and help us comprehend drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. A critical concept in pharmacokinetics is the rate constant, which quantifies the speed of a reaction. It provides valuable information about the kinetics of drug elimination. The rate constant allows us to determine the rate at which drugs are eliminated from the body.
Pharmacokinetic reactions...
394

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dimensional Evolution from a Giant Molybdenum-Red Cage-like {Mo<sub>200</sub>} to 1D Chains Enabling Ultrahigh Proton Conduction.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Chemputer and chemputation-A universal chemical compound synthesis machine.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Verification and execution of the scientific literature via chemputation augmented by large language models.

Communications chemistry·2026
Same author

Chemical programming of kinase inhibitors in a modular chemputer-based system.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Spontaneous assemblies of gigantic polyoxomolybdates; from structure and properties to synthetic methods.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same author

Organophosphonate Ligation Approach for the Controlled Assembly of Gigantic Polyoxometalate Clusters.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Incorporation of Engineered Cu<sup>0</sup>/Cu<sup>+</sup> Interfaces in Metal-Organic Frameworks for Boosting CO<sub>2</sub> Hydrogenation to Methanol.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Planar Chiral Carbazole-Naphthalene Bisimide Hetero-Cyclophane for Circularly Polarized Delayed Fluorescence.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Charge-Transfer Exciton Flows: Red Luminescent Zn<sub>8</sub>D<sub>14</sub>A<sub>4</sub> Nanotubes.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Au(III) Complexes as Pyroptosis Inducers by Targeting Mitochondrial DNA for Tumor Immunity.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Suppressing Interfacial-Accelerated Degradation in Perovskite Solar Cells via Supramolecular Co-Assembly.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Isolation and Reactivity of a Stannabismuthene.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
06:52

Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes

Published on: November 1, 2019

8.3K

Reaction Kinetics using a Chemputable Framework for Data Collection and Analysis.

Bartosz M Matysiak1, Dean Thomas1, Leroy Cronin1

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|December 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an automated "Chemputer" platform that streamlines kinetic measurements for chemical reactions. The system significantly saves time and enables deeper mechanistic understanding through automated data collection and analysis.

Keywords:
AutomationChemputationData AcquisitionKineticsRobotics

More Related Videos

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for Electrochemical Rate Constant Estimation
08:41

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for Electrochemical Rate Constant Estimation

Published on: October 10, 2018

24.9K
The Importance of Correct Protein Concentration for Kinetics and Affinity Determination in Structure-function Analysis
19:16

The Importance of Correct Protein Concentration for Kinetics and Affinity Determination in Structure-function Analysis

Published on: March 17, 2010

20.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
06:52

Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes

Published on: November 1, 2019

8.3K
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for Electrochemical Rate Constant Estimation
08:41

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for Electrochemical Rate Constant Estimation

Published on: October 10, 2018

24.9K
The Importance of Correct Protein Concentration for Kinetics and Affinity Determination in Structure-function Analysis
19:16

The Importance of Correct Protein Concentration for Kinetics and Affinity Determination in Structure-function Analysis

Published on: March 17, 2010

20.7K

Area of Science:

  • Synthetic Chemistry
  • Chemical Kinetics
  • Automation and Robotics

Background:

  • Automated chemistry platforms often focus on synthesis or analysis, neglecting integrated kinetic measurements crucial for reaction development.
  • Kinetic studies are vital for mechanistic investigation but are frequently omitted due to their repetitive and time-consuming nature.
  • Current automated systems lack the flexibility to integrate diverse analytical tools for comprehensive reaction monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present an automated platform, termed
  • Chemputer
  • , capable of performing routine kinetic measurements with on-line analytics.
  • To demonstrate the platform's utility in reaction optimization and mechanistic studies through diverse chemical examples.
  • To promote a standardized, computer-readable data format for kinetic experiments to facilitate data sharing and machine learning applications.

Main Methods:

  • The
  • Chemputer
  • platform integrates UV/Vis and NMR spectroscopy for real-time kinetic data acquisition.
  • The system utilizes a chemical programming language (XDL) for precise experimental control and data logging.
  • Modular design allows for easy integration of various commercial analytical instruments, enhancing adaptability.

Main Results:

  • The platform successfully automated over 60 experiments, including inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reactions, metal complexation, and tosylamide derivative synthesis.
  • Initial rate measurements, variable time normalization analysis (VTNA), and Hammett analysis were effectively employed.
  • Significant time savings and minimal user intervention were achieved, highlighting the efficiency of the automated system.

Conclusions:

  • The developed
  • Chemputer
  • platform automates kinetic measurements, offering substantial time savings and enabling in-depth reaction mechanistic studies.
  • Its modularity and use of a chemical programming language make it adaptable and accessible for various chemical investigations.
  • Widespread adoption of this automated approach and its data reporting protocol can foster a valuable database for machine learning in chemistry.