Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 6, 2025
Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Optokinetic Response As Structural and Functional Visual System Readouts in Mice and Rats
Published on: January 10, 2019
A visually guided swim assay for mouse models of human retinal disease recapitulates the multi-luminance mobility
Salma Hassan1,2, Ying Hsu2, Sara K Mayer2,3
1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Biomedical Science- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to develop a visually guided swim assay (VGSA) for measuring vision in mouse retinal disease models comparable to the multi-luminance mobility test (MLMT) utilized in human clinical trials.
Methods:
Three mouse retinal disease models were studied: Bardet-Biedl syndrome type 1 (Bbs1), n = 5; Bardet-Biedl syndrome type 10 (Bbs10), n = 11; and X linked retinoschisis (retinoschisin knockout; Rs1-KO), n = 5. Controls were normally-sighted mice, n = 10. Eyeless Pax6 mice, n = 4, were used to determine the performance of animals without vision in VGSA.
Results:
Eyeless Pax6 mice had a VGSA time-to-platform (TTP) 7X longer than normally-sighted controls (P < 0.0001). Controls demonstrated no difference in their TTP in both lighting conditions; the same was true for Pax6. At 4-6 M, Rs1-KO and Bbs10 had longer TTP in the dark than controls (P = 0.0156 and P = 1.23 × 10-8, respectively). At 9-11 M, both BBS models had longer TTP than controls in light and dark with times similar to Pax6 (P < 0.0001), demonstrating progressive vision loss in BBS models, but not in controls nor in Rs1-KO. At 1 M, Bbs10 ERG light-adapted (cone) amplitudes were nonrecordable, resulting in a floor effect. VGSA did not reach a floor until 9-11 M. ERG combined rod/cone b-wave amplitudes were nonrecordable in all three mutant groups at 9-11 M, but VGSA still showed differences in visual function. ERG values correlate non-linearly with VGSA, and VGSA measured the continual decline of vision.
Conclusion:
ERG is no longer a useful endpoint once the nonrecordable level is reached. VGSA differentiates between different levels of vision, different ages, and different disease models even after ERG is nonrecordable, similar to the MLMT in humans.
