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Differences between prescriptive and proscriptive gender stereotypes and gendered self-evaluations in Sweden.

Emma A Renström1

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Swedish students perceive a gap between societal gender stereotypes and their own traits. Women and men see differences in how they should be and how they rate themselves, highlighting a disconnect with gender expectations.

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PrescriptiveSwedengender stereotypesproscriptive

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Gender Studies
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Gender stereotypes define societal expectations for behavior and traits.
  • Prescriptive stereotypes outline desired traits, while proscriptive stereotypes outline undesired traits.
  • Understanding the discrepancy between societal gender norms and individual self-perception is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate prescriptive and proscriptive gender stereotypes in Sweden.
  • To examine the relationship between these stereotypes and self-ascribed gendered traits among university students.
  • To identify perceived differences between societal gender expectations and individual self-views.

Main Methods:

  • An online survey was administered to 679 students at three major Swedish universities.
  • Participants reported their perceptions of societal gender stereotypes (prescriptive and proscriptive).
  • Participants also provided self-ratings on gendered traits (communion, agency, dominance, weakness).

Main Results:

  • Participants believed societal views prescribed women as more communal and less dominant, and men as more agentic and less weak.
  • Self-ratings showed women perceived themselves as more communal than men; no significant differences were found for agency, dominance, or weakness.
  • Both genders perceived significant discrepancies between their self-ratings and societal prescriptive/proscriptive stereotypes.

Conclusions:

  • A notable gap exists between societal gender stereotypes and individual self-perceptions in Sweden.
  • Women and men perceive different aspects of this gap concerning communion and agency, and dominance and weakness, respectively.
  • Further research is needed to explore the implications of these perceived mismatches between self-views and societal gender norms.