Nanomaterials-Based Field-Effect Transistor for Protein Sensing: New Advances

Area of Science:

• Nanotechnology
• Biomedical Engineering
• Materials Science

Background:

• Early disease diagnostics require identifying biomarkers at ultralow concentrations.
• Field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors utilizing low-dimensional materials offer high sensitivity and targeted detection.
• Two-dimensional (2D) materials are ideal for biosensing due to their unique electronic and surface properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a succinct overview of protein sensing applications using various 2D materials in FET biosensors.
• To highlight the potential of these biosensors for early-stage medical diagnostics and point-of-care applications.
• To summarize current opportunities and challenges in the field.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on 2D materials for FET biosensors.
• Focus on materials including transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene (Gr), reduced graphene oxide (rGr), MXene, and graphene/MXene heterostructures.
• Analysis of architectural styles and sensing mechanisms.

Main Results:

• 2D materials exhibit dramatic resistivity changes upon biomarker adsorption, enabling sensitive detection.
• Various 2D material-based FETs show promise for protein sensing.
• Demonstrated potential for ultrahigh performance in point-of-care diagnostics.

Conclusions:

• 2D material-based FET biosensors are crucial for ultralow concentration biomarker detection in early diagnostics.
• These technologies advance point-of-care diagnostics capabilities.
• The field presents significant opportunities alongside existing challenges.