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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Differentiation and Imaging of Brown Adipocytes from the Stromal Vascular Fraction of Interscapular Adipose Tissue from Newborn Mice
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Pulling the trigger: Noncoding RNAs in white adipose tissue browning.

Dehuan Liang1,2, Guoping Li3

  • 1The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders
|December 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their role in white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, a process that converts fat cells to generate heat. Understanding ncRNAs offers potential new therapies for obesity and metabolic disorders.

Keywords:
BrowningObesitycircRNAslncRNAsmiRNAsncRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Adipose tissue biology
  • Molecular endocrinology
  • RNA biology

Background:

  • White adipose tissue (WAT) stores energy, while brown adipose tissue (BAT) expends it for thermogenesis.
  • Browning of WAT into brown-like cells is a therapeutic target for obesity.
  • Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulate gene expression and are implicated in adipose tissue function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of ncRNAs in adipose biology.
  • To focus on the mechanisms of ncRNAs in WAT browning.
  • To discuss ncRNA-based therapies for obesity and metabolic disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on ncRNAs and adipose tissue.
  • Analysis of regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs in WAT browning.
  • Discussion of therapeutic potential and challenges.

Main Results:

  • ncRNAs play critical roles in the development, differentiation, and function of adipose tissues.
  • Specific ncRNAs are involved in regulating the browning process of WAT.
  • ncRNAs offer potential therapeutic avenues for metabolic diseases.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs are key regulators of adipose biology, particularly WAT browning.
  • Targeting ncRNAs presents a promising strategy for combating obesity.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges in developing ncRNA-based therapies.