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Range adaptive value representations in schizophrenia and major depression.

Ling-Ling Wang1, Simon S Y Lui2, Jane W L So3

  • 1Neuropsychology and applied cognitive neuroscience laboratory; CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.

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Summary

Schizophrenia and major depressive disorder patients show altered reward processing, specifically in range adaptation. These changes in expected value (EV) and outcome value (OV) adaptation are linked to anhedonia and amotivation.

Keywords:
AmotivationAnhedoniaRange adaptationReward processingTransdiagnostic

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Anhedonia and amotivation are core symptoms in schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD).
  • Reward processing involves constructing and contrasting expected value (EV) and outcome value (OV) representations, a process called range adaptation.
  • Impaired range adaptation is hypothesized to contribute to anhedonia and amotivation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate range adaptation in individuals with SCZ and MDD.
  • To compare range adaptation patterns between SCZ and MDD patients and healthy controls.
  • To explore the relationship between range adaptation and symptoms of anhedonia and amotivation.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty SCZ patients, 46 MDD patients, and 56 controls completed the Effort-based Pleasure Experience Task.
  • The task measured expected value (EV) and outcome value (OV) adaptation.
  • Correlations were analyzed between adaptation measures and anhedonia/amotivation symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Both SCZ and MDD patients exhibited altered range adaptation compared to controls, with distinct patterns.
  • SCZ patients showed over-adaptation to OV and reduced adaptation to EV.
  • MDD patients displayed diminished OV adaptation but intact EV adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • Range adaptation is significantly altered in both schizophrenia and major depressive disorder.
  • Specific deficits in OV and EV adaptation were identified in SCZ and MDD, respectively.
  • Impaired range adaptation is a potential neural mechanism and therapeutic target for anhedonia and amotivation in SCZ and MDD.