Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:22

Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

2.2K
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
2.2K
Cell Adhesion in Plants01:14

Cell Adhesion in Plants

2.7K
Plants have rigid cell walls that are made up of cell wall polysaccharides that mediate cell-cell adhesion. The primary cell walls of plants consist of two independent and interacting polysaccharide networks: a pectin matrix that embeds the second network comprising cellulose and hemicelluloses.
Pectins are complex heteropolymers mainly composed of negatively-charged α-D-glucopyranosyl uronic acid and some neutral glycosyl residues such as α-L-rhamnopyranose, α-L-arabinofuranose,...
2.7K
Mechanism of Filopodia Formation01:39

Mechanism of Filopodia Formation

2.3K
Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
Their main function is to guide migrating cells during normal tissue morphogenesis or cancer metastasis by recognizing and making initial contacts with the extracellular matrix. However, they can also act as stationary cell anchors or help to establish communication...
2.3K
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

2.7K
Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
2.7K
Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

11.2K
Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is...
11.2K
Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides01:15

Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides

3.6K
 Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth.  Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to its type. For example, the...
3.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Role of the Department of Defense in International Disaster Relief: A Quantitative Analysis of Response Activities.

Disaster medicine and public health preparedness·2026
Same author

US commercial health plan use of corticosteroids in step therapy protocols: Frequency and clinical appropriateness.

Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy·2026
Same author

The Role of the Department of War in U.S. Disaster Relief: A Quantitative Analysis of Federal Emergency Management Agency Mission Assignments.

Disaster medicine and public health preparedness·2026
Same author

ATG5-HSP90.2-mediated micromitophagy as a cytological basis for maternal inheritance of plant mitochondria.

Nature plants·2026
Same author

Molecular Determinants of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Binding to Estrogen Receptors.

Toxics·2025
Same author

Pan-family pollen signals control an interspecific stigma barrier across Brassicaceae species.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Measurements in Living Plant Cells
06:53

Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Measurements in Living Plant Cells

Published on: June 28, 2021

2.9K

Extracellular pectin-RALF phase separation mediates FERONIA global signaling function.

Ming-Che James Liu1, Fang-Ling Jessica Yeh2, Robert Yvon3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.

Cell
|December 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Plant peptide RALF binds pectin, forming condensates with FER-LLG1 co-receptors. This process is key for plant growth and stress recovery, impacting cell surface responses.

Keywords:
CrRLKL1GPI-anchored proteincell wall-cell membrane interfaceextracellular phase-phase separationmalectin domain receptor kinasespeptide ligand-carbohydrate interactionpeptide-receptor kinase-GPI-AP signaling modulepromiscuous endocytosisstress-coping strategy

More Related Videos

Double-Staining Method to Detect Pectin in Plant-Fungus Interaction
06:39

Double-Staining Method to Detect Pectin in Plant-Fungus Interaction

Published on: February 4, 2022

4.6K
Experimental Screening Protocols, Immunocytochemistry and Microscopy-based Imaging Techniques for Penium margaritaceum
09:28

Experimental Screening Protocols, Immunocytochemistry and Microscopy-based Imaging Techniques for Penium margaritaceum

Published on: March 28, 2025

109

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Measurements in Living Plant Cells
06:53

Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Measurements in Living Plant Cells

Published on: June 28, 2021

2.9K
Double-Staining Method to Detect Pectin in Plant-Fungus Interaction
06:39

Double-Staining Method to Detect Pectin in Plant-Fungus Interaction

Published on: February 4, 2022

4.6K
Experimental Screening Protocols, Immunocytochemistry and Microscopy-based Imaging Techniques for Penium margaritaceum
09:28

Experimental Screening Protocols, Immunocytochemistry and Microscopy-based Imaging Techniques for Penium margaritaceum

Published on: March 28, 2025

109

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The FERONIA (FER)-LLG1 co-receptor system and its peptide ligand RALF are crucial for plant growth and survival.
  • RALF peptides regulate diverse cellular processes by triggering cell surface responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism by which extracellular RALF peptides initiate signal-induced cell surface responses.
  • To understand the role of pectin and phase separation in RALF-mediated signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated RALF-pectin interactions and condensate formation.
  • Analyzed FER-LLG1 recruitment into these condensates.
  • Examined the impact of salt and temperature stress on these processes.
  • Assessed the role of this mechanism in plant stress recovery.

Main Results:

  • RALF peptides bind to the cell wall polysaccharide pectin, inducing phase separation.
  • Pectin-RALF condensates recruit FER and LLG1 co-receptors, initiating cell surface responses.
  • Environmental stresses like high salt and temperature promote RALF-pectin phase separation and receptor endocytosis.
  • This mechanism is essential for recovery from stress-induced growth inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • RALF-pectin phase separation acts as an exoskeletal mechanism to activate FER-LLG1-dependent cell surface responses.
  • This process broadly impacts plant growth and survival, particularly under environmental stress.