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Related Concept Videos

Glycosaminoglycans01:23

Glycosaminoglycans

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Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), also known as mucopolysaccharides, are long and linear polymers comprising of specific repeating disaccharides - the amino sugar that can be N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine, and a uronic acid that is usually glucuronic acid or iduronic acid.
GAGS are found in the extracellular matrix of vertebrates, invertebrates, and bacteria. Due to their polar nature they attract water, and serve as excellent lubricants or shock absorbers in an animal body.
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Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
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Naked mole-rat hyaluronan.

Francisco Alejandro Lagunas-Rangel1

  • 1Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.

Biochimie
|December 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Naked mole rats possess unique high molecular weight hyaluronan, contributing to their longevity and health. This adaptation offers benefits like skin elasticity and cancer resistance, with potential cosmetic and therapeutic applications.

Keywords:
AgingCD44 signalingCancerHA-Coated nanoparticlesHeterocephalus glaberHyaluronic acid

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Area of Science:

  • Biogerontology
  • Extracellular Matrix Biology
  • Glycosaminoglycan Research

Background:

  • Naked mole rats exhibit exceptional longevity and health maintenance.
  • Their subterranean lifestyle is linked to elevated high molecular weight hyaluronan levels.
  • Hyaluronan is crucial for tissue structure and cell signaling via the extracellular matrix.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively study the distinctive features of naked mole rat hyaluronan.
  • To emphasize the molecular mechanisms behind its beneficial properties.
  • To explore potential cosmetic and therapeutic applications and associated challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of hyaluronan processing and production by hyaluronan synthases.
  • Investigation of hyaluronan degradation by hyaluronidases.
  • Examination of CD44 signaling pathways and other regulatory mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Naked mole rats demonstrate enhanced hyaluronan processing and reduced degradation.
  • Elevated hyaluronan contributes to skin elasticity, wound healing, and stress resistance.
  • Specific molecular mechanisms, including CD44 signaling, are implicated in these benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Naked mole rat hyaluronan's unique properties stem from specific enzymatic activities and signaling pathways.
  • These findings suggest significant potential for cosmetic and therapeutic applications.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges in harnessing these properties.