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Volume of the normal prostate gland in polish boys, aged 1-17 years: Based on transabdominal ultrasound - Prospective
Kinga Kowalczyk1, Małgorzata Gołuch2, Michał Armata2
1Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Memorial Health Institute in Poland, Poland.
Insights
This study establishes normal prostate size norms for boys aged 1-17 years using transabdominal ultrasound. These findings provide crucial reference data for diagnosing genitourinary conditions in pediatric patients.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Urology
- Medical Imaging
- Biometry
Background:
- No established prostate size norms exist for children.
- Previous prostate volume analyses were based on small study groups.
- Transabdominal ultrasound and MRI are current diagnostic imaging methods.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish normative prostate volume data for boys aged 1-17 years.
- Utilize transabdominal ultrasound for non-invasive prostate size assessment.
- Provide a reference for pediatric genitourinary evaluations.
Main Methods:
- Transabdominal ultrasound performed on 482 Caucasian boys (aged 1-17).
- Normative data derived from 345 boys with normal genitourinary structures.
- Prostate volume calculated using the ellipsoid formula; correlated with age, weight, and height.
Main Results:
- Prostate volume is stable until age 8, with a transitional phase from 8-11 years.
- Significant prostate volume increase observed after age 11.
- Statistically significant relationships found between prostate size, age, height, and weight.
Conclusions:
- Established prostate size norms provide a reference for genitourinary defect analysis in children.
- Transabdominal ultrasound is a suitable method for assessing prostate size in boys from 1 year old.
- Norms for pediatric prostate size were successfully established based on age.
Background:
Until now, there are no established norms for prostate size in children. Prostate volume during development has been analyzed in small study groups. In diagnostic imaging, transabdominal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are used.
Aims:
To establish prostate volume norms for individuals aged 1-17 years using transabdominal ultrasound.
Study Design:
Between 2021 and 2023, transabdominal prostate ultrasound was performed on 482 Caucasian boys, aged 1-17 years, who were patients of the urology clinic. Normative data were based on results of 345 boys with normal lower urinary tract, urethral and penile structures. Patients with abnormal external genitalia, Prune Belly Syndrome, Myelomeningocele, chromosomal disorders, or prostate abnormalities found in ultrasound were excluded from the study. Patient eligibility was determined based on medical records and physical examinations. During ultrasound, height, anterior-posterior dimension, and width of prostate were assessed. Prostate volume was calculated using the ellipsoid formula VH x L(AP) x W x 0.523. Measurements were correlated with age, weight, and height. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, statistical significance tests for means, and correlation methods. After estimating preliminary results, taking into account the development periods, patients were divided into age groups: 1-4 years (n = 70), 5-10 years (n = 124), 11-12 years (n = 43), 13-15 years (n = 65), and 16-17 years (n = 43).
Results:
The table and nomogram shows prostate volumes based on age. Prostate size remains stable up to the age of 8. We noticed a transitional phase at the age of 8-11 years. A significant increase in volume occurs over 11 years of age. There was a statistically significant relationship between prostate size, age, height, and weight.
Discusion:
Established norms can serve as a reference for prostate analysis in patients with defects of the genitourinary system. An interesting analysis would be a prostate size assessment in relation to stage of development on Tanner scale.
Conclusion:
Transabdominal ultrasound, being a non-invasive, painless, and readily accessible examination, allows assessment of prostate size even in boys aged 1 year old. A statistically significant relationship was found between prostate size, weight, and height. Norms for prostate size in boys were established according to age.
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