First classification of iron meteorite fragment preserved in Chang'e-5 lunar soils

Lunar soil preserves numerous fragments of meteorites impacting on the Moon, providing a unique opportunity to investigate the distribution of the types of projectiles over billions of years. Here we report the first discovery of an iron meteorite fragment from the Chang'e-5 lunar soil, which consists mainly of martensite (quenched from taenite), kamacite, and schreibersite, with a trace of pentlandite. The meteorite fragment is Ni- and P-rich, S-poor, and based on its mineral chemistry and bulk composition, can be classified into the IID-group, a rare and carbonaceous group of iron meteorite originating in the outer Solar System. This meteorite fragment experienced only limited partial melting followed by fast cooling, suggestive of efficient preservation of intact remnants of iron meteorites impacting on the porous lunar regolith. Alternatively, it is a relic of a low-velocity impact of submillimeter-sized metal grains originated from an IID-like iron meteorite. Our observations demonstrate that it is feasible to achieve the type distribution of meteorites impacting on the Moon via systematically analyzing a large number of metal grains separated from lunar soils, thus shedding light on the dynamic evolution of the Solar System.