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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

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Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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Related Experiment Video

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Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice
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Do vaccines increase or decrease susceptibility to diseases other than those they protect against?

Alberto Rubio-Casillas1, Cesar Manuel Rodriguez-Quintero2, Elrashdy M Redwan3

  • 1Autlan Regional Hospital, Health Secretariat, Autlan 48900, Jalisco, Mexico; Biology Laboratory, Autlan Regional Preparatory School, University of Guadalajara, Autlan 48900, Jalisco, Mexico.

Vaccine
|December 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vaccines have non-specific effects (NSEs) beyond disease protection. Live vaccines offer benefits, while non-live vaccines may increase mortality, necessitating adjustments in vaccination schedules.

Keywords:
Excess deathsIgG4 antibodiesImmune trainingNon-specific effects of vaccinesTolerance

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Vaccine effects were traditionally considered disease-specific.
  • Emerging evidence indicates vaccines can have positive or negative non-specific effects (NSEs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review research on the non-specific effects (NSEs) of common human vaccines over the past 40 years.
  • To analyze how vaccine characteristics and schedules influence these NSEs.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of epidemiological and immunological studies.
  • PubMed database search for relevant research on vaccine NSEs.

Main Results:

  • Live vaccines generally induce positive NSEs.
  • Non-live vaccines can cause negative NSEs, including increased female mortality and susceptibility to infections, influenced by vaccination sequence, antigen dose, and type.
  • mRNA COVID-19 vaccines' high IgG4 levels may correlate with increased mortality from other causes.

Conclusions:

  • Non-live vaccines should not be discontinued but their detrimental NSEs can be mitigated by optimizing vaccination sequences.
  • Further research is crucial to understand the impact of mRNA vaccines on overall mortality due to potential immune suppression.