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Helicopter Pilot Performance and Workload in a Following Task in a Degraded Visual Environment.

Wietse D Ledegang, Erik van der Burg, Pierre J L Valk

    Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance
    |December 29, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    Degraded visual environments (DVE) increase helicopter pilot workload and decrease performance. A helmet-mounted display (HMD) enhances situation awareness and reduces workload in both good and degraded visual conditions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Aviation Psychology
    • Human Factors Engineering
    • Aerospace Medicine

    Background:

    • Investigated the impact of atmospheric conditions causing loss of horizon on helicopter pilot performance and workload.
    • Examined the utility of helmet-mounted displays (HMD) in mitigating these effects during low-altitude, dynamic flight tasks.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the influence of degraded visual environments (DVE) on helicopter pilot performance and workload.
    • To evaluate the benefits of HMDs in improving situation awareness and reducing workload under varying visual conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • 16 military helicopter pilots participated in a fixed-based simulator study.
    • Pilots performed a dynamic low-altitude vessel-following task in good visual environments (GVE) and DVE (simulated fog).
    • Evaluated flight performance, control inputs, gaze, positioning, and subjective workload, with and without HMD use.

    Main Results:

    • DVE led to increased pilot workload and closer proximity to the target vessel, resulting in larger control inputs.
    • HMD use minimally impacted flight performance but significantly improved situation awareness and reduced workload.
    • HMD benefits were observed in both GVE and DVE conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • Degraded visual environments significantly increase workload and negatively affect helicopter pilot performance in dynamic, low-altitude tasks.
    • Helmet-mounted displays offer substantial improvements in situation awareness and workload reduction for pilots, regardless of visual conditions.