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African swine fever virus (ASFV) manipulates host cell responses during replication. Understanding how ASFV proteins and structures trigger and control cellular stress pathways is crucial for developing antivirals.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a DNA virus targeting mononuclear phagocytes.
  • ASFV replication involves host cell nucleus and perinuclear sites for virion assembly.
  • ASFV reorganizes cellular architecture and evades host cell stress responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize how ASFV replication interacts with host cells.
  • To elucidate ASFV's modulation of cellular stress responses.
  • To highlight the current knowledge gaps in understanding ASFV-induced stress pathway manipulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ASFV replication and host cell interactions.
  • Analysis of ASFV genome and protein functions related to host cell modulation.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of ASFV's impact on nuclear substructures, autophagy, apoptosis, and ER stress.

Main Results:

  • ASFV alters nuclear substructures and modulates autophagy, apoptosis, and ER stress pathways.
  • The ASFV genome encodes numerous genes, many uncharacterized, influencing host range and immunity.
  • Viral proteins and induced structures are implicated in triggering and manipulating host cell stress responses.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to fully characterize ASFV non-structural genes and their roles.
  • A comprehensive understanding of ASFV's interaction with host cell stress pathways is essential.
  • This knowledge is vital for developing effective strategies against African swine fever.