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Related Concept Videos

Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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Ribosomes01:27

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Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

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The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can...
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Nucleic Acids02:43

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Single Molecule Fluorescence Energy Transfer Study of Ribosome Protein Synthesis
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Single Molecule Fluorescence Energy Transfer Study of Ribosome Protein Synthesis

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The ribosome as a small-molecule sensor.

Arunima Bhattacharya1, Thibaud T Renault1, C Axel Innis1

  • 1Univ. Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, F-33600 Pessac, France.

Current Opinion in Microbiology
|December 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microorganisms sense small molecules using arrest peptides that cause ribosome stalling. This stalling regulates gene expression in response to environmental changes like antibiotics or amino acids.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Microorganisms adapt to environmental changes by sensing small molecules.
  • Arrest peptides regulate gene expression through ribosome stalling.
  • Ribosome stalling influences downstream gene expression via translational or transcriptional control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of metabolite sensing by ribosomes translating arrest peptides.
  • To explain how ribosome stalling controls gene expression in response to small molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on arrest peptides and ribosome dynamics.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms for metabolite recognition by ribosomes.
  • Examination of translational and transcriptional control of gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Arrest peptides trigger ribosome stalling upon binding specific metabolites.
  • Metabolites like antibiotics and amino acids are sensed by this mechanism.
  • Ribosome stalling is a key regulatory event controlling gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Ribosome-mediated sensing of small molecules via arrest peptides is a vital microbial adaptation strategy.
  • Understanding these mechanisms provides insights into gene regulation and potential therapeutic targets.