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An experimentally validated cavitation inception model for spring-driven autoinjectors.

Tyler R Kennelly1, Javad Eshraghi2, Sadegh Dabiri1

  • 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|December 30, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cavitation in spring-driven autoinjectors (AIs) is caused by rapid syringe acceleration. Design factors like spring force and air gap size significantly influence cavitation severity, impacting device and drug integrity.

Keywords:
AutoinjectorsBubble dynamicsDrug deliverySyringeTransient cavitation

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Cavitation, the formation and collapse of vapor bubbles, is a critical issue in spring-driven autoinjectors (AIs).
  • This phenomenon arises from abrupt syringe acceleration during activation, leading to pressure fluctuations and potential damage to the device and drug formulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of key design parameters on cavitation inception and severity in spring-driven autoinjectors.
  • To develop a predictive model for analyzing cavitation dynamics under various operating conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Development and utilization of a dynamic model for spring-driven autoinjectors to simulate component motion and pressure wave propagation.
  • Systematic investigation of varying air gap heights (1-4 mm), drive spring forces (8-30 N), and fluid viscosities (1-18 cP).
  • Analysis of cavitation inception and severity based on operational parameters and predicted AI dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Autoinjector dynamics, cavitation onset, and severity are significantly dependent on drive spring force and air gap height.
  • Increased spring force and decreased air gap height lead to higher maximum syringe acceleration and air gap pressure.
  • Maximum cavitation bubble radii and collapse rates are observed with higher spring forces, smaller air gaps, and lower viscosities.

Conclusions:

  • A cavitation criterion for autoinjectors is established, demonstrating a direct correlation with peak syringe acceleration.
  • Optimizing design parameters such as spring force and air gap size is crucial for mitigating cavitation in autoinjectors.
  • Understanding these factors is essential for ensuring the reliable performance and drug integrity of spring-driven autoinjectors.