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Intrinsically disordered Prosystemin discloses biologically active repeat motifs.

Valeria Castaldi¹, Emma Langella², Martina Buonanno²

¹Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy.

Plant Science : an International Journal of Experimental Plant Biology

|December 30, 2023

Summary

Tomato Prosystemin (ProSys) precursor protein contains multiple peptide motifs that activate plant immune responses against various environmental stressors and pathogens. These findings reveal novel functions of ProSys beyond the Systemin peptide.

Keywords:

Defense Disorder Gene expression In vivo detection Mimetics Plant Repeats

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Area of Science:

Plant molecular biology
Plant immunity
Biochemistry

Background:

Systemin peptide is a key regulator of plant defense responses to environmental stress.
The precursor protein, Prosystemin (ProSys), is intrinsically disordered and may possess functions beyond Systemin production.
Recent evidence suggests ProSys has biological activities independent of the Systemin sequence.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if ProSys contains peptide motifs that can trigger plant stress-related pathways.
To identify and characterize novel biologically active sequences within ProSys.
To assess the role of these sequences in plant defense against biotic stressors.

Main Methods:

In silico identification of potential peptide motifs within ProSys.
Chemical synthesis of candidate peptides.
In vivo testing of synthesized peptides for their ability to induce defense responses in tomato plants.
Mass spectrometry to detect synthesized peptides in plants expressing ProSys.

Main Results:

ProSys contains several repeat motifs that effectively trigger plant immune reactions.
These motifs confer resistance against various pathogens and pest insects.
Three synthesized ProSys-derived peptides were detected in vivo using mass spectrometry, confirming their biological relevance.
These findings highlight ProSys as a source of multiple defense-activating peptides.

Conclusions:

ProSys possesses previously unrecognized functions mediated by multiple biologically active peptide sequences.
These novel sequences contribute to the induction of plant defense responses against diverse stress agents.
The ProSys precursor protein plays a more complex role in plant immunity than previously understood.