Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: Developing Parmodulins to Target Protease-Activated Receptors for Inflammation Control
07:13

Author Spotlight: Developing Parmodulins to Target Protease-Activated Receptors for Inflammation Control

Published on: May 24, 2024

504

Proteinase-activated Receptor 2: Springboard of Tumors

David Vetvicka1, Petr Suhaj2, Tomas Olejar2

  • 1Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; david.vetvicka@lf1.cuni.cz.

Anticancer Research
|December 30, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) plays a key role in cancer progression and host immunity. This review explores PAR-2

Area of Science:

  • Oncology and Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Signaling

Background:

  • Proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) have been studied for over 25 years, with a focus on their role in cancer cell metabolism, signaling, and proliferation.
  • Research on PARs in host response has mainly concentrated on thrombin receptors (PAR-1, PAR-3, PAR-4) and their link to blood clotting and metastasis.
  • The specific role of PAR-2 in anti-tumor immunity and its broader functions in cancer development remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of Proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) in cancer.
  • To elucidate the function of PAR-2 on cancer cells and immune cells during cancer development and progression.
  • To discuss the implications of PAR-2 activation in cancer-related pain.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on PAR-2 in cancer.
  • Analysis of studies investigating PAR-2 expression and function on various cell types.
  • Synthesis of data on PAR-2's involvement in anti-tumor immunity and cancer progression.

Main Results:

  • PAR-2 is implicated in both cancer cell-autonomous functions and host immune responses.
  • PAR-2 activation influences cancer development, progression, and metastasis.
  • Emerging evidence links PAR-2 to cancer-related pain, suggesting a multifaceted role.

Conclusions:

  • PAR-2 represents a significant, yet understudied, factor in cancer biology and host immunity.
  • Further research into PAR-2's mechanisms is crucial for understanding cancer progression and developing novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting PAR-2 may offer new avenues for cancer treatment and pain management.
Keywords:
PAR-2cancerfibroblastsproteinasesreviewthrombintrypsin

More Related Videos

Assessing Cellular Target Engagement by SHP2 PTPN11 Phosphatase Inhibitors08:45

Assessing Cellular Target Engagement by SHP2 PTPN11 Phosphatase Inhibitors

Published on: July 17, 2020

6.2K
Phospholipid Mediator Induced Transformation in Three-Dimensional Cultures08:02

Phospholipid Mediator Induced Transformation in Three-Dimensional Cultures

Published on: July 27, 2022

2.5K

Related Concept Videos

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
3.8K
The Ras Gene02:38

The Ras Gene

The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a...
6.2K
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
3.6K
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
6.5K
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases01:26

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

Receptor tyrosine kinases or RTKs are membrane-bound receptors that phosphorylate specific tyrosine on protein substrates. RTKs regulate cellular growth, differentiation, survival, and migration. They contain an extracellular ligand binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytosolic tail with intrinsic kinase activity. Several extracellular signaling molecules activate RTKs in one or more ways and relay the signal downstream. Ligands such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or...
13.0K
Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
2.5K