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Related Concept Videos

Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview01:10

Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview

5.7K
Carbon-13 is a naturally occurring NMR-active isotope of carbon with a low natural abundance of 1.1%. In contrast, carbon-12 is the most abundant isotope of carbon with zero nuclear spin. Therefore, it is NMR inactive. The gyromagnetic ratio of carbon-13 is smaller than that of protons. As a result, carbon-13 resonance is about 6000 times weaker than proton resonance. For a given magnetic field strength, the resonance frequency of carbon-13 is about one-fourth of the resonance frequency for...
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¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

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The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
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¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

1.1K
When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
1.1K
Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

5.2K
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

213
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
213
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

326
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
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Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging

Published on: December 30, 2016

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Quo Vadis Hyperpolarized 13C MRI?

Pascal Wodtke1, Martin Grashei2, Franz Schilling3

  • 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge UK.

Zeitschrift Fur Medizinische Physik
|December 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Hyperpolarized 13C MRI is advancing rapidly, with techniques like dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (dDNP) and parahydrogen methods enabling new metabolic imaging. This technology shows promise for assessing treatment response in oncology and other diseases.

Keywords:
Carbon-13DNPHyperpolarizationHyperpolarized (13)C MRIMagnetic Resonance ImagingMolecular ImagingPHIPSABRE

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Measuring the Spin-Lattice Relaxation Magnetic Field Dependence of Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate
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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Metabolic Imaging

Background:

  • Hyperpolarized 13C MRI has become crucial in preclinical and clinical research over the past 20 years.
  • Key polarization technologies include PHIP-SAH, SABRE, and dDNP, with dDNP already used in human studies.
  • Despite dDNP's clinical application, challenges like cost and speed persist, driving interest in parahydrogen-based alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in hyperpolarized 13C MRI.
  • To discuss progress in polarization techniques, probe development, and data analysis.
  • To explore the clinical applications and future trajectory of this imaging modality.

Main Methods:

  • Review of polarization techniques: PHIP-SAH, SABRE, and dDNP.
  • Discussion of hyperpolarized probe development focusing on T1, polarization, and contrast.
  • Exploration of advanced acquisition and artificial intelligence-based data analysis methods.

Main Results:

  • dDNP enables clinical studies but faces cost and speed limitations.
  • Parahydrogen techniques offer faster, cheaper alternatives requiring optimization.
  • Hyperpolarized 13C MRI demonstrates clinical value in oncology, cardiology, and other fields.

Conclusions:

  • Hyperpolarized 13C MRI is a rapidly evolving field with significant potential.
  • Ongoing research focuses on improving probes, acquisition, and analysis, including AI.
  • The technology is poised to expand its clinical impact across various medical specialties.