Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

63.7K
In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
63.7K
Folliculogenesis01:20

Folliculogenesis

788
Folliculogenesis is the development of ovarian follicles, the specialized structures within the ovarian cortex where oogenesis, or egg development, occurs. This process is essential for female reproductive health and begins during fetal development when primordial follicles are formed. Each primordial follicle comprises a primary oocyte in the center, surrounded by a single layer of squamous pre-granulosa cells. These follicles remain dormant in late prophase I of meiosis until triggered by...
788
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

523
The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
523
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

1.2K
The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sterility Test Conditions for Purified Sodium Hyaluronate Injection Evaluated via Membrane Filtration.

Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin·2026
Same author

Reconstitution of germ cell and gonadal development for in vitro gamete production.

The Journal of reproduction and development·2026
Same author

De-extinction of the Northern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum cottoni).

The Journal of reproduction and development·2026
Same author

Changing Discourse on In Vitro Gametogenesis: Expectation, Scientific Reality, and the Ethics of Hype.

Monash bioethics review·2026
Same author

Isotonic and minimally invasive optical clearing media for live cell imaging ex vivo and in vivo.

Nature methods·2026
Same author

Generation of functionally competent testicular somatic cells from pluripotent stem cells.

Science advances·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Whole Ovary Immunofluorescence, Clearing, and Multiphoton Microscopy for Quantitative 3D Analysis of the Developing Ovarian Reserve in Mouse
12:36

Whole Ovary Immunofluorescence, Clearing, and Multiphoton Microscopy for Quantitative 3D Analysis of the Developing Ovarian Reserve in Mouse

Published on: September 3, 2021

4.7K

In Vitro Maturation, In Vitro Oogenesis, and Ovarian Longevity.

Sherman J Silber1, Sierra Goldsmith2, Leilani Castleman3

  • 1Infertility Center of St. Louis at St. Luke's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, 63017, USA. drsherm@infertile.com.

Reproductive Sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)
|December 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new in vitro maturation (IVM) approach yields mature oocytes from ovarian tissue without stimulation. Ovarian tissue pressure gradients regulate follicle recruitment and oocyte development, enhancing understanding of ovarian longevity.

Keywords:
Cancer and FertilityIn-Vitro Oocyte MaturationOvary Tissue CryopreservationOvary TransplantationPrimordial Follicle Recruitment

More Related Videos

Proteolytically Degraded Alginate Hydrogels and Hydrophobic Microbioreactors for Porcine Oocyte Encapsulation
07:45

Proteolytically Degraded Alginate Hydrogels and Hydrophobic Microbioreactors for Porcine Oocyte Encapsulation

Published on: July 30, 2020

5.5K
Orthotopic Ovarian Transplantation Procedures to Investigate the Life- and Health-span Influence of Ovarian Senescence in Female Mice
06:49

Orthotopic Ovarian Transplantation Procedures to Investigate the Life- and Health-span Influence of Ovarian Senescence in Female Mice

Published on: February 12, 2018

10.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Whole Ovary Immunofluorescence, Clearing, and Multiphoton Microscopy for Quantitative 3D Analysis of the Developing Ovarian Reserve in Mouse
12:36

Whole Ovary Immunofluorescence, Clearing, and Multiphoton Microscopy for Quantitative 3D Analysis of the Developing Ovarian Reserve in Mouse

Published on: September 3, 2021

4.7K
Proteolytically Degraded Alginate Hydrogels and Hydrophobic Microbioreactors for Porcine Oocyte Encapsulation
07:45

Proteolytically Degraded Alginate Hydrogels and Hydrophobic Microbioreactors for Porcine Oocyte Encapsulation

Published on: July 30, 2020

5.5K
Orthotopic Ovarian Transplantation Procedures to Investigate the Life- and Health-span Influence of Ovarian Senescence in Female Mice
06:49

Orthotopic Ovarian Transplantation Procedures to Investigate the Life- and Health-span Influence of Ovarian Senescence in Female Mice

Published on: February 12, 2018

10.9K

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Cellular and molecular biology
  • Gynecology

Background:

  • In vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes is crucial for assisted reproductive technologies.
  • Understanding the factors regulating primordial follicle recruitment and oocyte development is essential for improving IVM efficiency.
  • Ovarian longevity is influenced by complex regulatory mechanisms including tissue pressure and gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review a novel approach to in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes from ovarian tissue.
  • To elucidate the role of tissue pressure gradients in primordial follicle recruitment and oocyte development.
  • To enhance the understanding of ovarian longevity through insights from in vitro oogenesis and ovary transplantation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of results from in vitro oogenesis experiments using somatic cells.
  • Analysis of data from ovary transplant studies to understand ovarian longevity.
  • Examination of ovarian tissue microenvironment, specifically tissue pressure gradients, and their effect on follicle dynamics.
  • Surgical dissection of ovarian tissue for oocyte retrieval, bypassing the need for ovarian stimulation.

Main Results:

  • Primordial follicle recruitment is triggered by tissue pressure gradients; increased pressure induces meiotic arrest.
  • Oocytes can be retrieved from human ovarian tissue and matured to metaphase II in vitro without hormonal stimulation.
  • Surgical dissection allows retrieval of oocytes from small, ultrasound-invisible follicles, increasing yield.
  • Ovarian function and longevity are controlled by tissue pressure and core genes influencing follicle recruitment and development.

Conclusions:

  • A simplified and robust IVM protocol is achievable by understanding in vitro oogenesis and ovarian function.
  • Tissue pressure and specific "core genes" are key regulators of primordial follicle recruitment, oocyte development, and ovarian longevity.
  • Oocyte development occurs in three distinct phases: in vitro differentiation (IVD), in vitro gonadotropin sensitivity (IVG), and IVM to metaphase II.