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Temporal Dietary Pattern Cluster Membership Varies on Weekdays and Weekends but Both Link to Health
Luotao Lin1, Jiaqi Guo2, Saul B Gelfand2
1Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States.
The Journal of Nutrition
|December 31, 2023
Summary
Adhering to a temporal dietary pattern (TDP) with balanced eating occasions on weekdays and weekends is linked to better health outcomes. However, most adults shift their TDPs between weekdays and weekends, impacting health indicators.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Public Health
- Data Science
Background:
- Dietary intake patterns and quality vary between weekdays and weekends.
- Previous research identified weekday temporal dietary patterns (TDPs) linked to health in US adults.
- The association of weekend TDPs with health and weekday-to-weekend TDP shifts remained unknown.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the association between weekday and weekend TDPs with health indicators (diet quality, waist circumference, BMI, obesity).
- To investigate the overlap in TDP membership between weekdays and weekend days.
Main Methods:
- Utilized 24-hour dietary recalls from 9494 US adults (20-65 years) in NHANES 2007-2018.
- Applied modified dynamic time warping and kernel k-means to identify 4 TDPs for weekdays and weekend days.
- Employed multivariate regression to assess TDP associations with health indicators, controlling for confounders.
Main Results:
- A TDP characterized by evenly spaced, energy-balanced eating occasions was associated with higher diet quality and lower BMI, waist circumference, and obesity odds.
- This balanced TDP applied to over one-third of adults on both weekdays and weekends.
- Most adults exhibited different TDP memberships on weekdays compared to weekend days.
Conclusions:
- Both weekday and weekend TDPs are significantly associated with health indicators.
- TDP membership is largely inconsistent, with most adults changing patterns from weekdays to weekends.
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