Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 6, 2025
09:31
Sustained Administration of β-cell Mitogens to Intact Mouse Islets Ex Vivo Using Biodegradable Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres
Published on: November 5, 2016
7.3K
Recent advances in oral insulin delivery technologies
Ershuai Zhang1, Hui Zhu1, Boyi Song1
1Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
Summary
Oral insulin delivery offers advantages over injections but faces gastrointestinal barriers. Recent innovations aim to improve oral insulin bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency for diabetes management.
Area of Science:
- * Pharmaceutical Sciences
- * Biomedical Engineering
- * Endocrinology
Background:
- * Rising global diabetes mellitus cases necessitate improved insulin delivery methods.
- * Oral insulin administration is preferred for patient compliance but faces significant bioavailability challenges.
- * Existing gastrointestinal barriers (chemical, enzymatic, physical) impede effective oral insulin absorption.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To review the physiological barriers hindering oral insulin delivery.
- * To showcase recent advancements in oral insulin delivery technologies.
- * To discuss future perspectives and clinical translation challenges for oral insulin.
Main Methods:
- * Comprehensive literature review of physiological barriers to oral insulin.
- * Analysis of innovative strategies and technologies for oral insulin delivery.
- * Synthesis of current research and future outlook on oral insulin formulation.
Main Results:
- * Identified key chemical, enzymatic, and physical barriers in the gastrointestinal tract.
- * Highlighted novel delivery systems and approaches to enhance oral insulin bioavailability.
- * Demonstrated progress in overcoming absorption and stability issues.
Conclusions:
- * Significant progress has been made in developing oral insulin delivery systems.
- * Overcoming gastrointestinal barriers remains a critical challenge for clinical success.
- * Future research should focus on robust technologies for effective clinical translation.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery
197
Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
197
01:06Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides
156
Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
156
01:16Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects
176
Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
176
01:18Drug Delivery: Enteral Route
456
The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
456
01:24Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists
325
Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
325
01:16Drug Delivery: Overview
294
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
294