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SLD with and without ADHD: Comparison of cognitive profiles
Nitisha Verma1, Kalpana D Pawar2, Henal R Shah3
1Department of Psychiatry, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Children with Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) and treated Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) show lower scores in Digit Span and Coding compared to those with SLD alone. This highlights the impact of ADHD on cognitive profiles in learning disorders.
Area of Science:
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Educational Psychology
- Cognitive Science
Background:
- Comorbidity of Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is common, affecting approximately 25% of children.
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can significantly impact intelligence testing in children with SLD.
- Pre-assessment treatment of ADHD is a common clinical practice, yet empirical data comparing cognitive profiles is lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the cognitive profiles of children with SLD and treated ADHD versus children with SLD without ADHD.
- To identify specific differences in intelligence quotient (IQ) profiles between these two groups.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cross-sectional study design.
- Comparison of WISC-III (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Third Edition) profiles.
- Analysis of data from 695 children with SLD and treated ADHD against 721 children with SLD without ADHD.
Main Results:
- Children with SLD and treated ADHD demonstrated significantly lower scores on Digit Span (working memory) and Coding (processing speed).
- These findings suggest persistent effects of ADHD on specific cognitive functions even after treatment.
Conclusions:
- Treatment of ADHD may not fully normalize cognitive profiles in children with comorbid SLD.
- Recommendations include integrating Cognitive Working Memory Training, peer tutoring, and task modifications alongside medication and remedial education for children with SLD and ADHD.
- Further research is warranted to understand the long-term impact and optimize interventions.
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