[Mechanisms of Helicobacter pylori Intracellular Infection and Reflections Concerning Clinical Practice]
Zhihui Tang1, Lifa Fu1, Renjie Liu1
1（ 610041） West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Abstract:
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), for a long time, has generally been considered an extracellular bacterium. However, recent findings have shown that H. pylori can gain entry into host cells, evade attacks from the host immune system and the killing ability of medication, form stable intracellular ecological niche, and achieve re-release into the extracellular environment, thus causing recurrent infections. H. pylori intracellular infection causes cellular signaling and metabolic alterations, which may be closely associated with the pathogenesis and progression of tumors, thereby presenting new challenges for clinical eradicative treatment of H. pylori. Herein, examining this issue from a clinical perspective, we reviewed reported findings on the mechanisms of how H. pylori achieved intracellular infection, including the breaching of the host cell biological barrier, immune evasion, and resistance to autophagy. In addition, we discussed our reflections and the prospects of important questions concerning H. pylori, including the clinical prevention and control strategy, intracellular derivation, and the damage to host cells.
Insights
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can invade host cells, leading to recurrent infections and challenging eradication. Understanding intracellular H. pylori mechanisms is crucial for new treatment strategies.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Cell Biology
- Pathogenesis
Background:
- Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) was traditionally viewed as extracellular.
- Recent evidence reveals H. pylori's capacity for intracellular invasion and persistence.
- Intracellular H. pylori contributes to recurrent infections and treatment resistance.
Approach:
- Review of existing literature on H. pylori intracellular infection mechanisms.
- Analysis of host cell barrier breaching, immune evasion, and autophagy resistance.
- Clinical perspective on H. pylori intracellular pathogenesis and therapeutic challenges.
Key Points:
- H. pylori invades host cells, evades immune responses and medications.
- Intracellular H. pylori establishes a niche, leading to re-emergence and reinfection.
- Intracellular infection alters host cell signaling and metabolism, potentially driving tumorigenesis.
Conclusions:
- H. pylori's intracellular behavior presents significant clinical challenges for eradication.
- Further research into H. pylori intracellular mechanisms is vital for effective prevention and treatment.
- Understanding intracellular H. pylori is key to addressing its role in disease progression and recurrence.
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