Investigating biomechanical alterations and emptying patterns after various gastrojejunostomy strategy

Gastrojejunostomy is a prominent approach in managing distal gastric cancer that is unresectable due to gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). Research has demonstrated that stomach-partitioning gastrojejunostomy (SPGJ) exhibits superior clinical efficacy compared to conventional gastrojejunostomy (CGJ), however, the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon remains elusive. This study constructed 3D models of the SPGJ and CGJ based on the computed tomography (CT) images obtained from a patient diagnosed with distal gastric cancer. The biomechanical patterns of these procedures in the digestive system were subsequently compared through numerical simulations and in vitro experiments. The results of the numerical simulation demonstrated that the model following SPGJ promoted the discharge of food through the anastomotic orifice and into the lower jejunum. Furthermore, a decrease in passage size after partitioning, the low-level velocity of esophageal, and an increase in contents viscosity effectively inhibited the flow through the passage to the pylorus, ultimately reducing stimulation to tumor. The study also revealed that favorable gastric emptying is associated with a smaller passage and faster inlet velocity, and that lower contents viscosity. ​The experimental findings conducted in vitro demonstrated that SPGJ exhibited superior efficacy in obstructing the flow near the pylorus in comparison to CGJ. Moreover, a decrease in passage size correlates with a reduction in fluid flow towards the pylorus. These results provide the foundation of theory and practice for the surgical management of patients with GOO resulting from unresectable distal gastric cancer, and have potential implications for clinical interventions.