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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
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Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Synovial Fluid Analysis to Identify Osteoarthritis
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Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

Murugan Sudhakar1, Sathish Kumar2

  • 1Pediatric Rheumatology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|January 1, 2024
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Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a common childhood rheumatic disease. Early diagnosis and treatment, including biologics, improve long-term outcomes for children with JIA.

Keywords:
ChildrenChronic arthritisJuvenile idiopathic arthritis

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most prevalent rheumatic condition in children.
  • JIA is characterized by joint inflammation of unknown cause, persisting for at least six weeks in individuals under 16 years old.
  • Synovial inflammation in JIA arises from complex interactions between genetic susceptibility, immune system dysfunction, and potential environmental triggers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).
  • To highlight diagnostic approaches and prognostic indicators for JIA.
  • To emphasize the importance of timely therapeutic interventions for JIA management.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis of JIA is primarily clinical.
  • Laboratory investigations, including antinuclear antibodies (ANA), human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27, and rheumatoid factor (RF), aid in disease categorization and prognosis.
  • Assessment of disease severity relies on laboratory findings.

Main Results:

  • Clinical diagnosis remains the cornerstone for identifying JIA.
  • Specific serological markers like ANA, HLA-B27, and RF assist in classifying and predicting the course of JIA.
  • Effective therapeutic strategies, including biologics, are crucial for managing JIA.

Conclusions:

  • JIA diagnosis is predominantly clinical, supported by specific laboratory tests for prognostication.
  • Early and appropriate treatment, particularly with biologic agents, leads to favorable long-term outcomes in children with JIA.
  • Understanding the interplay of immune systems and genetic factors is key to managing JIA effectively.