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Breast-feeding as protective factor against bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

Jose Uberos1,2, Isabel Sanchez-Ruiz1, Elizabeth Fernández-Marin2

  • 1Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.

The British Journal of Nutrition
|January 2, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Breast milk nutrition for very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants is linked to a lower risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Early breast milk intake significantly reduces the prevalence and severity of BPD in these vulnerable newborns.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a significant comorbidity in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) preterm infants.
  • Nutritional interventions, particularly breast milk, may play a crucial role in mitigating BPD development.
  • Understanding the impact of early nutrition on BPD is vital for improving outcomes in preterm infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between breast milk nutrition and the prevalence and severity of BPD in VLBW infants.
  • To determine if early intake of mother's own milk (MOM) or donor milk influences BPD outcomes.
  • To analyze the relationship between nutritional intake in the first two postnatal weeks and BPD development.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 489 VLBW infants (born between January 2008 and December 2021).
  • Data collected on the intake of mother's own milk (MOM), pasteurized donor human milk, or preterm formula milk within the first two postnatal weeks.
  • Statistical analysis to assess the association between breast milk intake and BPD prevalence and severity, including odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI).

Main Results:

  • Of the 489 infants analyzed, 195 developed some degree of BPD.
  • Moderate to severe BPD was associated with reduced weight gain.
  • Preferential breast milk ingestion in the first two postnatal weeks showed statistically significant lower odds for both mild (OR 0.16) and severe (OR 0.08) BPD.

Conclusions:

  • Breast milk nutrition during the initial weeks of postnatal life is associated with a reduced prevalence of BPD in VLBW infants.
  • Early breast milk intake may help mitigate the severity of BPD.
  • The findings underscore the importance of promoting breast milk feeding for VLBW infants to prevent respiratory complications.

Keywords:
Bronchopulmonary dysplasiaExtrauterine growthMother’s own milkNewbornPasteurised donor human milkPreterm

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