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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
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Radioactivity is a spontaneous disintegration of an unstable nuclide and is a random process, as all the nuclei in the sample do not decay simultaneously. The number of disintegrations per unit time is called the activity (A), which is directly proportional to the number of nuclei in the sample. The decay constant (λ) is an average probability of decay per nucleus in unit time.
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Related Experiment Video

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A practical method for assessing quantitative scanner accuracy with long-lived radionuclides: The ARTnet insert.

Dale L Bailey1,2, Kathy P Willowson1,3, Carl Muñoz-Ferrada4

  • 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia.

Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine & Biology
|January 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A new test object, the ARTnet Insert, simplifies calibration for PET and SPECT systems by using less radioactivity and a smaller volume. This novel phantom insert ensures accurate image reconstructions without partial volume effects.

Keywords:
Clinical TrialPETSPECTSite validation

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging Physics
  • Nuclear Medicine Technology

Background:

  • Current methods for calibrating Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) systems often require large volumes of long-lived radionuclides in test phantoms.
  • This poses challenges related to radioactivity handling, storage, and potential partial volume effects impacting accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel test object for PET and SPECT system calibration that minimizes radioactivity volume and simplifies storage.
  • To ensure the test object maintains accuracy without partial volume effects, even with lower spatial resolution imaging.

Main Methods:

  • A hollow acrylic cylindrical insert, the ARTnet Insert, was designed for compatibility with the NEMA/IEC PET Body Image Quality (IQ) phantom.
  • The insert's dimensions (90 mm internal diameter, 70 mm internal height) were chosen to mitigate partial volume effects.
  • Tested with various radionuclides (18F, 68Ga, 124I for PET/CT; 99mTc, 131I, 177Lu for SPECT/CT) on calibrated scanners.

Main Results:

  • The ARTnet Insert allows for accurate image reconstructions within 5% of the true value.
  • No confounding uncertainty from partial volume effects was observed when compared to NEMA NU 2-2018 Phantom measurements.
  • The insert is effective even for high-energy SPECT imaging (e.g., 131I) where spatial resolution is typically poorer.

Conclusions:

  • The ARTnet Insert is a simple, inexpensive, and versatile tool for PET and SPECT calibration.
  • It reduces radioactivity requirements and storage challenges compared to traditional methods.
  • Its design effectively overcomes partial volume effects, ensuring reliable calibration across different imaging modalities and radionuclides.