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Child Neurodevelopment After Multidomain Interventions From Preconception Through Early Childhood: The WINGS

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Multidomain interventions before and during pregnancy improved child neurodevelopment. These interventions show promise for enhancing early childhood development outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Public Health Interventions

Background:

  • Multidomain interventions during pregnancy and early childhood have shown benefits for child neurodevelopment.
  • The impact of preconception interventions, in addition to pregnancy and early childhood interventions, remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effect of a comprehensive intervention program on child neurodevelopment.
  • The program included health, nutrition, water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), and psychosocial support.
  • Interventions were delivered during preconception, pregnancy, and early childhood periods.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized trial was conducted in low- and middle-income neighborhoods in Delhi, India.
  • 13,500 participants were initially assigned to preconception interventions or routine care.
  • Neurodevelopmental assessments were performed at 24 months in a subsample of children across intervention and control groups.

Main Results:

  • Children receiving preconception interventions showed improved cognitive scores compared to controls.
  • Interventions during pregnancy and early childhood led to significant improvements in cognitive, language, motor, and socioemotional scores.
  • The combined preconception, pregnancy, and early childhood intervention group demonstrated the most substantial gains in all neurodevelopmental domains.

Conclusions:

  • Multidomain interventions spanning preconception, pregnancy, and early childhood result in modest but significant improvements in child neurodevelopment at 24 months.
  • These comprehensive interventions are valuable for enhancing early childhood development and warrant further investigation.
  • Integrating health, nutrition, WASH, and psychosocial support from preconception onwards can positively impact developmental trajectories.