Gastrodin: a comprehensive pharmacological review

Area of Science:

• Pharmacology
• Medicinal Chemistry
• Traditional Chinese Medicine

Background:

• Tianma (Gastrodia elata Blume) is a traditional Chinese medicine.
• Gastrodin (GAS) is the primary active compound in Tianma.
• GAS exhibits notable pharmacological activities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the extraction, synthesis, pharmacological effects, and derivatives of Gastrodin (GAS).
• To explore future development opportunities for GAS.
• To consolidate current research on GAS for therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on Gastrodin (GAS).
• Analysis of extraction and synthesis methods, including microbial production.
• Examination of pharmacological data and derivative research.

Main Results:

• Microbial synthesis presents a promising production method for GAS.
• GAS demonstrates efficacy in treating neurological, cardiovascular, endocrine, and liver diseases.
• Key pharmacological effects include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and analgesic properties, mediated by pathways like Nrf2, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, and AMPK.
• GAS derivatives and GAS-PU biomaterials indicate expanded application potential.

Conclusions:

• Gastrodin (GAS) possesses broad therapeutic potential across multiple disease areas.
• Further research into GAS derivatives and novel applications is warranted.
• GAS holds significant value for the development of new treatments.