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Related Concept Videos

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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Asymmetric and parallel subgenome selection co-shape common carp domestication.

Min Wang1,2, Xinxin Li1, Chongnv Wang1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.

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|January 3, 2024
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Summary

Common carp domestication benefits from polyploidy, with selective breeding revealing distinct genetic variations for traits like scale reduction and growth. This suggests polyploidy offers advantages for animal domestication and improvement.

Keywords:
AllopolyploidHigh growth rateScale reductionSelection sweepVibrant skin color

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Animal breeding
  • Aquaculture

Background:

  • Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a model for domesticated allopolyploid animals.
  • Subgenome divergence is crucial for allopolyploid domestication but its link to agronomic traits in carp is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate genome-wide genetic variations linked to key domestication traits in common carp.
  • Identify candidate genes for scale reduction, vibrant skin color, and high growth rate.
  • Explore the role of subgenome divergence in common carp selective breeding.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a comprehensive SNP dataset across 13 common carp strains.
  • Analyzed genetic variations associated with scale reduction, vibrant skin color, and high growth rate.
  • Examined subgenome selection patterns (asymmetric vs. parallel) and gene expression divergence.

Main Results:

  • Identified novel candidate genes for desirable agronomic traits in domesticated common carp.
  • Demonstrated that similar traits can arise from different genetic variations, highlighting polyploid advantage.
  • Found enrichment of candidate genes in the immune system, suggesting disease resistance improvement during domestication.
  • Observed asymmetric subgenome selection in domestication and parallel subgenome selection in selective breeding.

Conclusions:

  • Domestication of common carp involves asymmetric subgenome selection, while selective breeding shows parallel subgenome selection.
  • Reduced pleiotropy via transposable element-mediated expression divergence may explain selection patterns.
  • Polyploidy provides significant benefits for animal domestication, similar to its role in plants.